Actors/ organization involved

Question 1

Hutu organization?

Answer 1

Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR), Impuzamugambi (extremists), Interahamwe (civilian militias)

Question 2

Hutu Actor?

Answer 2

Habyarimana

Question 3

Tutsis’s organization?

Answer 3

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)

Question 4

UN mission in October 1993?

Answer 4

UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR)

Question 5

Major critic of UN efforts in Rwanda?

Answer 5

Carlsson Inquiry report

Question 6

Plausible reasons for failure of UN in preventing genocide?

Answer 6

Lack of essential military equipments, and lack of political will amongst big players

Question 7

Evidence for lack of political will?

Answer 7

Delay in acknowledging the killings in Rwanda as genocide despite sufficient evidence (series of worrying reports from UNAMIR)

Question 8

Evidence of evidence of the grave situation in Rwanda

Answer 8

Developed nations (US, Italy, France) warrant immediate evacuation of their nationals (France dispatched it’s planes in 2 days after bombing of Habyarimana’s personal plane)

Question 10

UNOMUR?

Answer 10

United Nation Observer Mission in Uganda/Rwanda, under general Romeo Dallaire

Question 11

Limitation of UN policy of Neutrality?

Answer 11

It made them cocentrate on mediating the end of civIl war than to save lives

Question 12

limitation of Arusha accords?

Answer 12

lack of support from UN and US

Question 13

Evidence of its Insignificance in UNSC

Answer 13

8 weeks from the signing the Arusha accord to passing resolution for UNAMIR, another two months to gather peacekeepers, budget was not formally approved until 2 days before the genocide

Question 14

Evidence of its Insignificance in UNSC

Answer 14

Officials from UN department of political affairs who monitored negotiations at Arusha for months only produced a two page synopsis that contained no analysis for Dallaire before the commerce of the UNAMIR

Question 15

Evidence of its Insignificance in UNSC

Answer 15

Lack of provision of military essentials such as secured phones and translators in Rwanda

Question 16

UNAMIR nature

Answer 16

Chapter IV peacekeeping mission instead of Chapter VII peace enforcement operation- meant that peacekeepers can only watch Hutu slaughter the Tutsi and do nothing to protect them

Question 17

Division within the peacekeeping organisation

Answer 17

Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh (special representative to the Sec-Gen for Rwanda& Dallaire often held different interpretation of the ground situation

Question 18

Impact of UNSC nonchalant attitude?

Answer 18

Emboldened Hutu radicals as UNAMIR inability to protect Tutsi or seize armed caches signalled to extremists that the outside world was not going to take any assertive actions