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USA 1865-1975 > Acts/Amendments Passed > Flashcards

Acts/Amendments Passed Flashcards

1
Q

Declaration of Independence.

A

4th July 1776 - Separated the thirteen original American colonies from war with with Britain, marking their independence.

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2
Q

Emancipation Proclamation.

A

July 1863 - Lincoln - Aimed to end the slavery (of 3.5million) in confederate states.

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3
Q

Ten Percent Plan.

A

April 1864 - Lincoln - Allowed confederate states to rejoin the union if 10% of their electorate agreed to end slavery and remain loyal to the US.

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4
Q

Wade-Davis Bill.

A

June 1865 - Radical Republicans - Introduced more extreme terms to the Ten Percent Plan including the requirement of 50% of the electorate to take a tougher oath of allegiance.

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5
Q

Thirteenth Amendment.

A

November 1864 (In effect from January 1865 until approved by enough states in late 1865) - Lincoln - Formally freed all slaves in the USA.

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6
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau.

A

March 1865 - Lincoln/Congress - US Agency which aided former slaves with advice on education and employment.

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7
Q

Black Codes.

A

1865-1866 - Southern States - Laws which limited African American access to education and forced unemployed African Americans in to working for white employers.

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8
Q

Civil Rights Bill.

A

1866 - Congress - Gave minimal civil rights to African Americans (Johnson’s veto attempt overturned).

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9
Q

Fourteenth Amendment.

A

July 1868 - Congress - Guaranteed all those born in the USA citizenship, and equality under law.

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10
Q

Military Reconstruction Bill.

A

March 1867 - Congress - Imposed military rule on ten Southern States until they accepted Black Suffrage/the Fourteenth Amendment.

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11
Q

Command of the Army Act.

A

March 1867 - Congress - Reduced President Johnson’s military powers.

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12
Q

Tenure of Office Act.

A

March 1867 - Congress - Prevented Johnson from removing office-holders, mainly Radical Republican, Secretary of State, Edwin M. Stanton.

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13
Q

Fifteenth Amendment.

A

February 1869 - Congress - Stated that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race or previous servitude.

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14
Q

The Compromise of 1877.

A

Hayes - Ended Reconstruction with the presidential election of 1867, Hayes took office.

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15
Q

Jim Crow Laws.

A

c1880s - 1960s - Southern States - Established African Americans as second class citizens who would remain ‘separate but equal.’ This enforced separate public areas, schools and transport (often poorly maintained/funded).

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16
Q

Homestead Act.

A

1862 - Government - Provided a free (although there were small administrative fees of c$10) 160 acres of land to farmers if they agreed to farm it for 5 years.

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17
Q

Pacific Railroad Act.

A

1862 - Lincoln - Authorised the building of a transcontinental railroad by two companies, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacifc. This was completed in May 1869.

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18
Q

Reservation Policy.

A

Late 1800s - Government - Native Americans were forced onto Reservations where they would be stripped of their culture and ‘Americanized.’

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19
Q

Monroe Doctrine.

A

1823 - President James Monroe/S.o.S John Quincy Adams - Isolationist US foreign policy to avoid conflict with Europe unless direct interest would involve. European attempts to colonise the Americas would also be considered hostile.

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20
Q

Burlingame Treaty.

A

1868 - Congress - Endorsed free movement/trade of people/goods between the US and China.

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21
Q

Civil Rights Act.

A

1875

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22
Q

Ku Klux Klan Act.

A
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23
Q

Enforcement Acts.

A
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24
Q

Pendleton Act.

A

1883 - President Chester Arthur/Senator George Pendleton - Required federal positions to be provided on merit and exams, not the spoils system.

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25
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act.

A

1882 - Congress - Banned Chinese immigration for 20 years and forbade Chinese migrants from gaining US citizenship. Arthur vetoed but approved of a less harsh bill.

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26
Q

Tariff Act of 1883.

A

1883 - Arthur - Reduced Tariffs by a tiny 1.47%, nicknamed the ‘Mongrel Tariff Act’ due to its vastly limited effect.

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27
Q

Texas Seed Bill.

A

1887 - Congress - Subsidies fo $10000 to purchase Texas seed following massive drought. Vetoed by Arthur.

28
Q

Alien Contract Labor Law.

A

1885 - Congress - Prohibited contracted migration of ‘aliens’ to perform labour in the US.

29
Q

Blair Education Bill.

A

1882 - Senator Henry W. Blair - Aimed to provide millions of dollars to Southern schools (both black and white). Rejected by Congress.

30
Q

Dawes General Allotment Act.

A

1887 - Congress/Senator Henry Dawes - Split reservation land into 160 and 80 acre plots available to families and males respictively. Native Americans who participated would recieve US citizenship after farming the land for 25 years.

31
Q

Amendment to the Dawes Act.

A

1891 - Congress - Ended the policy of 160 acres, instead providing individual Native Americans 80 acres each, regardless of status.

32
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act.

A

1890 - Silver Industry/Government - Meant the government would buy 4.5million ounces of silver per month to produce coinage. Removed by Cleveland in 1896.

33
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

A

1890 - Congress - Made monopolies which restricted trade world/America wide illegal. Weakened by 1895 United States Vs E. C. Knight ruling.

34
Q

Strengthening of Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

A

1902 - Roosevelt/Attorney General Philander C. Knox - Placed heavier emphasis on fighting Trust takeovers and the monopolies they were obtaining. Involved the prosecution of 44 major trusts.

35
Q

Hepburn Act.

A

1906 - Congress - Gave Federal government power to inspect railroad books and limit prices.

36
Q

Federal Meat Inspection Act.

A

1906 - Roosevelt - Prevented the adulteration/misbranding of meat products and ensured that slaughtering/manufacturing processes were sustained sanitary.

37
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act.

A

1906 - Roosevelt - Prohibited the adulteration/misbranding in inter-state food trade.

38
Q

Payne-Aldrich Act.

A

1909 - Congress - Lowered tariffs by small amounts. Expected to be vetoed by Taft although did not happen.

39
Q

Repeal of the Silver Purchase Act.

A

October 1903 - Cleveland - Aimed to stabilise the economy following 1893 depression by ending government subsidies to the silver coinage industry.

40
Q

Omnibus Indictment Act.

A

1894 - Government opposed to the 1894 Pullman Strike - Permitted legal banning of strikes (remained until the 1930s).

41
Q

Georgian Poll Tax.

A

1866 - State Government - Introduced an individual tax of $2 for all who wanted to vote (aimed to prevent African American voting as they would not be able to afford such fees).

42
Q

Grandfather Clause.

A

c1898 - Southern States - Forbade African Americans from voting unless their father or grandfather had voted prior to African American enfranchisement.

43
Q

Literacy Tests.

A

c1890 - Southern States - Made literacy tests necessary in order to vote (aimed to prevent African American voting as many would have not received effective education).

44
Q

Open Door Policy.

A

1899 - Government/Secretary of State John Hay - World nations, specifically the USA should retain free trade and open markets with China.

45
Q

McKinley Tariff Act.

A

1890 - McKinley - Increased taxes on most goods from an average of 38%-49.5% whilst eliminating taxes on luxury items.

46
Q

Treaty of Paris.

A

December 1898 - Government/McKinley - Ended the Spanish-American War, the USA would promote Cuban independence (except Guantanamo Bay) and be able to purchase the Philippines for $20million whilst Spain would cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the US.

47
Q

Organic Act.

A

1900 - Congress - Hawaii became an official US territory and Puerto Rico came under official US administration.

48
Q

Roosevelt Corollary.

A

1904 - Roosevelt - Amended the Monroe Doctrine so that the US could take military intervention in Latin America in times of financial/political stability.

49
Q

Platt Amendment.

A

March 1901 - Congress - Proclaimed Cuba independent although authorised US intervention in financial/commercial affairs and to protect threats to this independence.

50
Q

Teller Amendment.

A

April 1898 - Congress - Proclaimed the US would not attempt to annex Cuba.

51
Q

Coinage Act.

A

1873 - Congress - Passed in response to the Panic of 1873 and ended minting of silver.

52
Q

Resumption Act.

A

January 1875 - Congress - Further response to Panic, this act brought the US in to the gold standard, and moved away from the greenbacks civil war system.

53
Q

Federal Reserve Act.

A

1913 - Wilson - Created the first centralised US banking system consisting of 12 banking districts requiring an investment of 6% to participate. Organised 70& of all money by 1923.

54
Q

Federal Trade Commission.

A

1914 - Congress/Wilson - Led investigations in to unfair business practices, administrating over 400 cease-and-desist orders under Wilson.

55
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

A

1914 - Congress/Wilson - Strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act, described by Samuel Gompers (president of the AFL) as the Magna Carter for labour.

56
Q

Underwood Tariff.

A

October 1913 - Wilson - Significantly reduced many duties (some completely) on food, wool, iron and agriculture.

57
Q

Federal Farm Loan Act.

A

1916 - Wilson - Introduced low cost loans for farmers.

58
Q

Revenue Act.

A

1916 - Wilson - Expanded taxation on the rich and big business whilst providing the federal government a stronger income source.

59
Q

Federal Child Labor Act.

A

1916 - Wilson - Banned distribution of US child labour goods and attempted to aid the 2million children in child labour by providing education opportunities. Ruled unconstitutional by Congress in 1918.

60
Q

Workmen’s Compensation Act.

A

1916 - Wilson - Ensured injury/illness pay.

61
Q

Adamson Act.

A

1916 - Wilson - Ensured maximum eight-hour working day.

62
Q

Declaration of Neutrality.

A

August 1914 - Wilson - Warned America against taking sides during WW1.

63
Q

War Industries Board.

A

July 1917 - Wilson - Coordinated wartime financing/supplies.

64
Q

Lever Food and Fuel Control Act.

A

1917 - Wilson/Hoover - Set wheat prices at $2.20, enforced government purchase of Cuban/US sugar and organised ‘Wheatless Mondays’ and ‘Meatless Thursdays.’

65
Q

National War Labor Board.

A

April 1918 - Wilson - Settled 1200 industrial disputes before its collapse in 1919.

66
Q

War Labor Policies Board.

A

USA 1865-1975 (5 decks)

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