Acupuncture theory Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
Acupuncture dates back…
A
4000years
2
Q
Acupuncture systemised
A
2nd century BC or 2000 years ago
3
Q
Jīng (经) runs….. and includes:
A
Channel vertical or north/south pathways 12 regular pathways 8 extra meridians
4
Q
Luò (络) runs …. and includes…..
A
Collaterals the horizontal or east/west pathways 15 Luo-connecting 12 Divergent. Runs superficially
5
Q
meridian system component
A
Meridians: 12 regular, 8 extra
Collaterals: 15 Luo-connecting, 12 Divergents
12 muscle region
12 cutaneous regions
6
Q
Levels of meridians
A
7
Q
General Functions of meridians
A
- Carry Qi, blood, body fluids; nourish organs & tissues
- Communication between different areas of body and Zang Fu
- Transmit disease
- Transmit acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation
- Regulate functional balance
- Responds to dysfunction / disease of the body
- Serve as a guide to diagnosis and treatment eg: Headache.
8
Q
A
9
Q
tài yáng
A
greater yang
supreme yang
received the most sun
Posterior lateral
Big Yang
10
Q
shǎo yáng
A
lesser yang
middle yang
medial and dorsal
11
Q
yáng míng
A
Sunlight Yang
Yang Brightness
Small yang
anterolateral
inner part and back of the body,
12
Q
tài yīn
A
greater yin
supreme yin
Most shaded
anteromedial surface
13
Q
shǎo yīn
A
lesser yin
Lesser shade
middle yin
anteromedial surface
14
Q
jué yīn
A
terminal yin
absolute yin/reverting yin
Middle yin
Medial plane
15
Q
relationship between regular meridians
A
- Tai Yin – Yang Ming
- Jue Yin – Shao Yang
- Shao Yin – Tai Yang
16
Q
Tai Yang organs
A
Hand - Small Intestine
Foot - Urinary Bladder
17
Q
Shao Yang organs
A
Hand -San Jiao
Foot- Gall Bladder
18
Q
Yang Ming
A
Hand - Large Intestine
Foot - Stomach
19
Q
Tai Yin
A
Hand -Lung
Foot - Spleen
20
Q
Shao Yin
A
Hand -Heart
Foot - Kidney
21
Q
Jue Yin
A
Hand - Pericardium
Foot - Liver
22
Q
Describe the flow of energy through meridians
A
23
Q
Which Extra Meridians pertain or communicate with zang/fu
A
None
24
Q
Which extra meridians have own points
A
Du and Ren
25
Functions of extra meridians
Control, join, regulate Qi & blood
– Further strengthens the connection of the 12 regular meridians – as a reservoir excess Qi & blood – protects the body (particularly yuan qi)
26
Define confluent points
Points that connect 8 extra meridians and 12 main channels
27
Dumai meridian
Yang Meridians
28
Renmai
Yin meridians
29
Chongmai
Vital pass, all meridians
30
Daimai Meridian
Connect all meridians
31
Yangqiaomai
Functional, eyes, insomnia
32
Yinqiaomai
Functional, eyes, somnolence
33
Yangweimai:
Harmonise yang meridians and body
34
• Yinweimai
Harmonise Yin meridians and body
35
Name the five zang organs
Yin organs
1. the heart (including the pericardium),
2. lung,
3. spleen,
4. liver,
5. kidney.
36
Name the fǔ (腑)
yang organs – Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Gall Bladder, Urinary Bladder, Stomach and Sānjiaō.
37
Divergents of Yin meridian connect with....
interiorly-exteriorly related yang meridian
38
Functions of Divergent Meridians
1. Strengthen internal / external relationship
2. Distribute Qi & blood to head & face \
3. Integrate areas of the body
39
Divergent Meridians branch out from....
main meridians
40
T or F
Divergent Meridians run deeper than collaterrals
True
41
Do Divergent Meridians have their own points
No
42
Divergents of to Yang meridians enter the....
Zangfu organs to which the yang meridian pertains
43
•Divergent Yang meridians emerge.....
emerge at the neck joining their related primary channel
44
Divergent Yin Meridians emerge
emerge to Yang
45
Divergent meridians for .... unions (confluence)
6
46
Divergent meridians surface at
supraclavicular fossa/neck/face
47
Collateral points
• Branch out from 12 main meridians, Du Ren & great luo of the SP
48
describe location of secondary channels
49
2 sources of qi
What are the 2 fires in the body
Function of storing blood
LU → LI
SP St
HT → Si
KI UB
PC → SJ
LI GB
Arrows snake
50
Collaterals strengthen
nternal / external relationship
51
How many collaterals
15
52
Collaterals have .... points
Luo
53
Number of cutaneous regions
12
54
Functions of muscle tendino, sinew
Qi of regular meridians gathers at muscle, tendons and joints
Nourish muscles Connects all bones/joints/tendons/ligaments –
Maintain normal function –
Do not connect with zang fu directly
55
Fx of cutaneous regions
- reflect functional activities of 12 meridians
S+S internal disease
outer layer-protect and transmission of diseases
56
Functions of collaterals
Transfer Qi and blood from meridian to body
Protect from pathogenic factors
57
What part of meridian system explain sensation and pathological changes to treatment
Collaterals
58
Origin of Hand-Taiyin – LU
Middle Jiao
59
Termination of Hand-Taiyin – LU
Radial side of the tip of the thumb (Lu 11)
60
Origin of Hand-Yangming – LI
Radial side of middle finger
61
Terminationof Hand-Yangming – LI
Ala nasi of the nose (LI20)
62
Origin of Foot-Yangming – ST
Ala nasi of the nose
63
Termination of Foot-Yangming – ST
Lateral side of the tip of the 2nd toe (ST45)
64
Origin of Foot-Taiyin – SP
Great toe (SP1)
65
Termination of Foot-Taiyin – SP
Tongue
66
Origin of Hand-Shaoyin – HT
Heart
67
Termination of Hand-Shaoyin – HT
Radial little finger (Ht9)
68
Origin of Hand-Taiyang – SI
Ulnar side of the little finger (SI1)
69
Termination of Hand-Taiyang – SI
Inner canthus Bl1
70
Origin of Foot-Taiyang – UB
Inner canthus (BL1)
71
Termination of Foot-Taiyang – UB
Lateral side of the small toe (BL67)
72
Origin of Foot-Shaoyin – KI
Inferior aspect of the small toe
73
Termination of Foot-Shaoyin – KI
Root of the tongue
74
Origin of Hand-Jueyin – PC
Chest
75
Terminationn of Hand-Jueyin – PC
Tip of the middle finger PC9)
76
Origin of Hand-Shaoyang – SJ
Ulnar side of the ring finger (SJ1)
77
Termination of Hand-Shaoyang – SJ
Outer canthus (SJ23)
78
Origin of Foot-Shaoyang – GB
Outer canthus (GB1)
79
Termination of Foot-Shaoyang – GB
Lateral side of the fourth toe
80
Origin of Foot-Jueyin – LR
Great toe (Liv1)
81
Termination of Foot Jueyin - LR
Vertex
82
83
84
Jing well points
Locations
Where the Qi of the Channel emerges and begins moving towards the trunk of the body
Located on the tips of the fingers and toes
85
Jing well (metal) points actions
Restores consciousness
Eliminate pathogenic factors
Treats fullness below the Heart incl: CCP and mental disorders
86
Jing well points
87
Ying-spring Points Location
Ying-Spring points are located in the metacarpal/metatarsal area. Ying-Spring points are located in the metacarpal/metatarsal area.
88
Ying spring points function
Pathogenic Factors and clear heat, especially in febrile diseases.
89
Anterior cun measurements
90
Posterior cun measurement
91
Lateral cun measurements
92
Define regular points
Points located on the 12 regular meridinas and the Du and Ren meridian (14 meridians)
93
Window of Heaven Points
- Points usually located on the neck and are used to treat psychological disorders as they are said to "open a window of opportunity" to free the psyche, thereby altering the pattern of thought. They can also be used to redirect chaotic and rebellious Qi.
94
Ashi Points -
Tender points without specific names and location. Locating Ashi Points is the primary method of point selection in ear acupuncture and moxibusion treatments and is mostly used for pain syndrome.
95
Jing well points
96
Ying spring points
97
Shu stream point locations
located near the wrist or ankle They are the third point from the end of the fingers and toes (with exception of Gallbladder meridian, whose Shu-Stream point is the 4th point from the extremities).
98
Shu stream functions
used to treat "heavy body sensation and joint pain" caused by obstructions or chronic disorder due to dampness.
99
Shu stream points
100
Jing river point locations
Jing-River points are located on the forearm or lower leg
101
Jing river fx
used to treat alternating cold and heat conditions as well as wheezing/asthma and throat conditions.
102
Jing river points
103
He-Sea points location
located on the elbow or knee
104
He-sea point Fx
Used to treat rebellious Qi and conditions related to the digestive system.
105
He-sea points
106
Lower He-Sea points
Fu organs only
These points are commonly used to treat Fu organ diseases of the specific organ. Same as He-Sea points of the Foot Yang meridians
107
What points are lower He-Sea points
108
Name and Number of points in lung meridian
Tai yin of hand
11
109
Name and Number of points in large intestines meridian
Yang Ming of hand
20
110
Name and Number of points in stomach meridian
Yang ming of foot
45
111
Name and Number of points in spleen meridian
Tai Yin of foot
21
112
Name and Number of points in heart meridian
Shao yin of hand
9
113
Name and Number of points in Small Intestine meridian
Tai yang of hand
19
114
Name and Number of points in bladder meridian
tai yang of foot
67
115
Name and Number of points in kidney meridian
Shao yin of foot
27
116
Name and Number of points in pericardium meridian
Jue Yin of hand
9
117
Name and Number of points in triple energiser meridian
Shao yang of hand
23
118
Name and Number of points in GB meridian
Foot shao ming
44
119
Name and Number of points in liver meridian
Jue Yin of foot
14
120
yuan point location
yin points - 3rd point from extremity = shu-stream
yang points - 4th point from extremity except GB which is 5th from extremity
121
yuan point Fx
They retain Yuan Qi (Primary Qi) and are commonly used to treat conditions of the relative Zang organs. Yuan points are used to balance Yin and Yang, disperse excess and tonify deficiencies and stabilise emotions.
122
Functions of luo points
* strengthens the interior-exterior relationship c
* used to treat disorders involving the two interiorly-exteriorly related meridians and those in the area supplied by the two meridians
123
Functions of Xi cleft points
The Xi-Cleft points are where Qi and Blood of the meridians deeply converge. These points are used to treat acute disorders of the pertaining meridian and Zang-fu organs. Xi-Cleft points are often used to treat pain conditions and blood (yin) disorders as well.
124
Xi cleft points
She acutely fell of the cliff and her spine twisted into figure 8 and her large san jioa turned into 7. The small demon heart lives at the top off the cliff and lunged her over. Pair of 4s save with trampoline.A bloody goo 63 came out of drain reflected as 36. kids see what happen and hi five pair of 4s. St 34 stand on dirty oar.
125
Xi cleft points
126
Confluent points fx
The 8 extraordinary meridians work in pairs and each Confluent (Master) point is the Coupled point of its partner.
127
T/F
The Confluent/Master points are located on the regular meridians
True
128
Front Mu points-
Correspond with zang fu organs
They are points where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs is infused and converges on the chest or abdomen. Front-Mu points are usually located near their corresponding organ. They reflect diseases of the organs and therefore can be used for diagnosis. These points are usually used to treat acute excess conditions.
129
Front-Mu points
corresponding to one of the Zang-Fu organs. They are points where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs is infused and converges on the chest or abdomen. Front-Mu points are usually located near their corresponding organ. They reflect diseases of the organs and therefore can be used for diagnosis. These points are usually used to treat acute excess conditions.
130
Back-shu points
12 - corresponding to each Zang-Fu organ
located near the corresponding organ and is where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs are infused, but on the back (the Qi of the Zang-Fu flows to the back and lumbar). The points also reflect diseases and can be used to diagnosis and treatment. Back-Shu points are usually used to treat chronic deficiency disorders and organ disorders, including emotional and mental conditions.
131
List Back-shu points
132
8 influential points
treat disorders of the listed parts or organs of the body.
133
Mother and Son point functions
mother points tonifying
Son points reducing.
134
The .... .... are the hub points of the Qi from the 12 meridians.
muscle regions
135
The .... .... provide being outermost layer provides RESISTANCE
cutaneous region
136
The ... ...is where Qi intersects tendons, muscles and
Muscle region
137
the ... .... provides a warning system by providing S+S of internal disease
cutaneous system
138
the ... ... is involved in MOTOR system by controlling joint movement
muscle regions
139
lung meridian mother point
Lu 9 (Great abyss)- earth point
140
lung meridian son point
(Water point on the Lung )
Lung 5 - Foot Marsh (Indentation in the Stream)
141
Large Intestine Meridian of Hand –Yang Ming mother point
L.I 11
142
Son point Large Intestine Meridian of Hand –Yang Ming
LI 2
143
mother point Stomach Meridian of Foot –Yang Ming
ST 41 (fire)
144
Son point Stomach Meridian of Foot –Yang Ming
St 45 (metal)
145
Mother point Spleen Meridian of Foot -Tai Yin
(fire) SP 2
146
Son point Spleen Meridian of Foot -Tai Yin
SP 5 (Metal)
147
Mother point Heart Meridian of Hand -Shao Yin
Ht 9 (wood)
148
Son point Heart Meridian of Hand -Shao Yin
Ht 7 (Earth)
149
Mother point Small Intestine Meridian of Hand -Tai Yang
SI 3 (Wood)
150
Son point Small Intestine Meridian of Hand -Tai Yang
(Earth) Small Intestine 8 - Small Sea
151
Mother point Bladder Meridian of Foot -Tai Yang
(Metal) Bladder 67 - Extremity of Yin
152
Bladder Meridian of Foot -Tai Yang
(Wood) Bladder 65 - Bone Binder (Restrained Bone
153
Ki Mother/Tonification Point
(Metal) Kidney 7 - Returning Current
154
Ki son point
Kidney 1 - Bubbling Spring (Gushing Spring)
155
Pericardium mother point
(Wood) Pericardium 9 - Rushing into the Middle (Middle Rushing)
156
Child/Sedation Point Pericardium
(Earth) Pericardium 7 - Great Mound
157
Mother/Tonification Point Triple Energiser
(Wood) Triple Energiser 3 - Middle Islet
158
Triple Heater son point
Child/Sedation Point (Earth) Triple Heater 10 - Heavenly Well
159
Mother/Tonification Point Gallbladder
(Water)Gallbladder 43 - Valiant Stream (Brave Stream)
160
Child/Sedation Point Gallbladder
(Fire) Gallbladder 38 - Yang Support (Yang’s Assistant)
161
Mother/Tonification Point Liver
Mother/Tonification Point (Water) Liver 8 - Curved Spring
162
Child/Sedation Point Liver 2
Child/Sedation Point (Fire)Liver 2 - Walk Between (Travel Between)
163
Anatomical position
164
Lung muscle region
x starts at the thumb and spreads to the thenar eminence and lateral side of the radial pulse. It continues up the forearm to the elbow, upper arm, axilla and ST 12 (Quepen). The muscle region spreads down to the chest and diaphragm, merges with the muscle region of the Pericardium meridian of Hand Jue Yin before going to the hypochondriac region.
165
Which Zang Fu organ has the internal and external relationship with Spleen?
Stomach
166
The normal movement of Spleen Qi is
Ascending
167
What does Spleen send upward and to which Zang Fu organ?
Send Clear Qi to the Lung and Heart
168
A prolapsed stomach is due to
Spleen Qi does not ascend
169
The TT function of the Spleen refers to
Digestion of food and water
170
Impaired blood controlling function of the Spleen is manifested as
Easily bruised skin
Excessive uterine bleeding
171
Deficiency in Spleen is likely to show which of the following groups of signs and symptoms?
1. Weak muscles and limbs, over worrying and stress fractures
2. Feeling fearful, pale lips and stress fractures
3. Feeling fearful, dull eyes and pale lips
4. Weak muscles and limbs, over worrying, and pale lips
4
172
The RR function of the Stomach relies on
1. Water
2. Dryness
3. Coldness
4. Heat
Heat
173
A person feeling nausea after eating this is due to the Stomach Qi
cannot descend
174
Explain spleen's role in diarrhoea
Spleen could not transform and transport food and water, and not able to ascend Gu Qi or nutrient Qi therefore causes diarrhoea
175
Explain spleen role in abdominal distention and pain
Spleen could not transform and transport food and water, therefore causes stagnation in the abdomen, leading to pain.
176
Explain spleen's role in poor appetite
Spleen cannot TT cause stagnation in the abdomen. This impacts on Stomach's descending function, leading to poor appetite.
177
Asthma is due to dysfunction of the Lung in
Descending qi
178
Which is the external manifestation of the Lung?
Skin and hair
179
The normal movement of Lung Qi is
Dispersing and Descending
180
To which Zang organ that the Lung sends Qi to ensure the smooth breathing?
Lung descends and Kidney receives. The two work together to ensure Qi descends
181
What is the relationship between the Lung and Large Intestine
Internal and External
182
The DD function of the Lung explains
The Lung controls pattern of breathing, Qi in the body as well regulate waterways
183
Large Intestine receives what from the Lung to maintain its normal function?
Clear Qi
184
The emotion related to the Lung is
Sadness
185
Which body fluid is related to the Lung?
1. Snivel
2. Saliva
3. Phlegm
4. Urine
5. Sweat
Snivel
186
Explain Lung's role in chills
Lung not dispersing Wei Qi
187
Explain Lung's role in cough
D/D disrupted
188
Explain Lung's role in Phlegm
D/D in water passage results in accumulation of phlegm
189
Functions of Spleen
* Controls the Up-bearing of Clear Qi
* Governs transformation and transportation
* Controls the Blood
* Controls: Muscle and limbs (strong and energetic )
190
Spleen opens to
mouth
191
Outward appearance of Spleen:
the lips (red, moist and lustrous)
192
Spleen Emotions:
Worry; Mental: thinking, concentrating, focusing and memorizing
193
Wha meridian is the foundation of Postnatal Qi
Spleen
194
Spleen governs ..
TT of food nutrients
TT of water
195
Spleen likes...
dryness
196
Describe TT of food
The food and drink is taken into the stomach.
The spleen provides the energy to digest and absorb nutrient qi.
The remaining “sludge” that is in the Stomach is passed to the small intestine where the Spleen further acts to transform and absorb nutrients. The clear nutrient qi is taken up by the Spleen and transported to the Heart and Lung to be distributed to and nourish the rest of the body.
197
Describe TT of water
During the digestion process the absorbed, clear fluid is taken by the Spleen and transformed into body fluids and transported to the Lung to be disseminated to the body to nourish it. The Spleen takes up further turbid fluid remaining and transforms them further before transporting them to the Lung and Kidney to continue the process of elimination which will eventually leave the body as sweat or urine.
198
Stomach qi direction
Downwards
## Footnote
Controls the Descending of Qi à LI and SI
199
Stomach likes
heat and moisture
200
