Acute Care Equipment

Question 1

Pulse Oximetry

Answer 1

Assess O2 saturation- usually goes on finger

Question 2

What percentage of O2 is room air?

Answer 2

21% O2

Question 3

Nasal Cannula (NC)

Answer 3

Low flow O2 system, increases O2 concentration patient breathes in

Question 4

FiO2 % with NC: 1 L/min through 6 L/min

Answer 4

1 L/min: 24%
2 L/min: 28%
3 L/min: 32%
4 L/min: 36%
5 L/min: 40%
6 L/min: 44%

Question 5

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC)

Answer 5

Best for patients needing greater than 6 L/min NC. Highest O2% is 75% FiO2 at 15 L/min. This one is more comfortable than mask, can eat/drink/talk easier

Question 6

Oxymizer

Answer 6

Specialized NC with O2 reservoir conserving O2. Uses 25-75% less O2. Good for at home use

Question 7

FiO2% ranges with oxymizer: 1 L/min through 12 L/min

Answer 7

1 L/min: 28%
2 L/min: 32%
4 L/min: 41%
8 L/min: 64%
12 L/min: 82%

Question 8

Face mask

Answer 8

Provides O2 concentration of about 35-55%. To determine FiO2 the patient is receiving, check the dial

Question 9

Venturi system

Answer 9

O2 system providing more specific O2 concentration than other devices, easy for mobilizing patients. FiO2 from Venturi is 24-50%

Question 10

Non-rebreather mask (partial NRB)

Answer 10

Mask with O2 reservoir (bag) providing higher FiO2 percentage. Used temporarily when patient is in acute distress. Must have greater than 6L to avoid inhaling CO2.

Question 11

Tracheostomy tube

Answer 11

Provide an artificial airway in the trachea to aid in ventilation and secretion management

Question 12

Passy muir speaking valve (PMSV)

Answer 12

One way speaking valve. Helps with communication, secretion management, improved swallow function

Question 13

High humidity trach collar (HHTC)

Answer 13

O2 delivery system; provides humidity and warmth, supplemental O2 (FiO2 ranges from 21-100%)

Question 14

Suctioning

Answer 14

AIDS in removal of secretions; tracheal and oral

Question 15

Chest tube

Answer 15

Pleural vs mediastinal space to restore normal respiratory function

Question 16

Electrocardiogram

Answer 16

Used to evaluate heart rate and rhythm

Question 17

Pacemaker

Answer 17

Substitutes for the defective natural pacemaker of heart.

Question 18

Differentiate Epicardial vs Endocardial pacemaker

Answer 18

Epi - placed once chest is open (surgery). Electrode’s screwed/sewn into the outside of the heart muscle
Endo - leads attached inside right atrium & ventricle via the subclavian or left cephalon vein

Question 19

Automated implantable cardioverter - defibrillator

Answer 19

Shock the heart for certain life threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, paces the heart

Question 20

Intra-aortic balloon pump

Answer 20

Use of a balloon attached to a catheter to help an impaired heart receive more O2.
Systole: balloon deflates decreasing the resistance to aortic blood flow, decrease after load and heart rate by 20%
Diastole: balloon inflates, pushing blood back to the heart to increase diastolic pressure by 30%

Question 21

Impella

Answer 21

High speed pump that assists the LV in ejecting blood to the aorta
Unloads the left ventricle, decreases LV wall pressure, decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Has a blood flow similar to LVAD

Question 22

Ventricular assist devices

Answer 22

For patients with end stage cardiac failure: used as a bridge to heart transplant
Circulatory assist of the left and/or right ventricle

Question 23

IV Catheter

Answer 23

Access to give fluids and medications into the body

Question 24

Arterial line

Answer 24

Continuous BP monitoring and used for frequent blood draws

Question 25

Central catheter

Answer 25

Long term IV access where some meds require this type to avoid irritation to peripheral vasculature Blood draws Diagnostic use with CVP monitoring

Question 26

Dialysis catheter

Answer 26

Remove toxic materials and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance since kidneys impaired

Question 27

PCA pump & epidural

Answer 27

Increased pain control PCA - patient selected release of pain meds through IV with time lock out Epidural - consistent transfusion of pain medicine to nerve root

Question 28

Jackson Pratt/hemovac

Answer 28

Self contained suction system used to evacuate fluids from a wound

Question 29

Negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 29

Removal of slough of the wound, provides a moist environment, increases circulation to the wound, reduces edema & bacteria of wound

Question 30

Nasogastric tube

Answer 30

Emptying the stomach of gas/air & digestive fluids For feeding patient

Question 31

Dobhoff tube

Answer 31

Aides in feeding especially for those who cannot swallow or chew food but have a functioning GI tract Tube inserted into the nose and ends either at the beginning of the intestines or in the stomach

Question 32

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)/ jejunostomy tubes (PEJ)

Answer 32

Gastrostomy tube: give long term nutrition to patients with a swallowing impairment Jejunostomy tube: give long term nutrition to patients with defective gastric emptying or post op backup when gastric “tone” is inadequate

Question 33

Colostomy

Answer 33

Opening of some portion of colon onto abdominal surface (stoma) in order for stool to be eliminated out of the body and into collection pouch

Question 34

Fecal containment devices

Answer 34

For inconsistent patients with liquid stool Helps decrease skin breakdown and infection

Question 35

Urinary catheter

Answer 35

Evacuation of urine. Measures urine output

Question 36

Intracranial bolt

Answer 36

Measures intracranial pressure (normal ICP <15 mmHg)

Question 37

External ventricular drain (EVD)

Answer 37

Drains cerebrospinal fluid, monitors ICP

Question 38

Lumbar drain

Answer 38

Drains CSF to relieve pressure in the brain or spinal cord

Question 39

Artificial airway

Answer 39

Ventilator connection to the patient’s airway (located 2-5 cm above carina)

Question 40

Endotracheal tube

Answer 40

Provide access to patient’s airway in order to ventilate the patient either manually or via mechanical ventilator

Question 41

Tracheostomy tube

Answer 41

Artificial airway in trachea aiding in breathing and protecting airway - patients needing prolonged ventilator support

Question 42

AMBU bag

Answer 42

Manually resuscitation bag used to manually ventilate patients

Question 43

End tidal CO2 monitoring

Answer 43

Monitors breathing rate and adequacy of ventilation (~35-45 mmHg normal value)

Question 44

Optiflow

Answer 44

Supplemental oxygen and support - more comfortable for patient to eat, talk, drink

Question 45

Non invasive ventilation (NIV)

Answer 45

Provide positive pressure ventilation non invasively via oro-nasal mask, nasal mask, or full face mask

Question 46

Mechanical ventilator

Answer 46

Device for providing ventilation via an artificial airway