acute complications of diabetes

Question 1

DKA; epi, risk factors, treatment (and caution)

Answer 1

2/3 T1DM, 1/3 T2DM (ketosis prone T2DM); follows infection and non-adherence to insulin protocol; IV fluids, insulin and potassium (carefully); caution: aggressive treatment leads to hypokalemia and hypoglycemia and cerebral edema

Question 2

HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State)

Answer 2

T2DM; associated with old, impaired renal, impaired thirst; treatment fluid repletion; no metabolic acidosis no ketones

Question 3

hypoglycemia

Answer 3

low plasma glucose <70, hypoG symptoms, recovery with carb admin; repetitive hypoG leads to breakdown; glucagon and epi are the most important they do gluconeo and glycolyso; metiglonides and sulfonylurea