Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MATERNAL-CARE FOR AT RISK > Acute Conditions of the Newborn > Flashcards

Acute Conditions of the Newborn Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

This means severe and sudden onset; duration is also shorter

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Acute Conditions of the Newborn

A
  1. RDS
  2. Transient Tachpnea of the Newborn (TTN)
  3. Apnea
  4. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)
  5. Hyperbilirubinemia
  6. Rh Incompatibility
  7. ABO Incompatibility
  8. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
  9. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
  10. Newborn at Risk because of Maternal Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is the most comman cause of neonatal and infant mortality
* - Occurs in premature babies whose lungs are not fully developed
- Happens due to insufficient lung surfactant

A

RDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other causes of RDS

A
  • Slow transition to extrauterine life
  • Pneumonia
  • MAS
  • Sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A systemic inflammatory response to infection leading to organ dysfunction

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does pneumonia cause RDS?

A

Alveoli are filled with pus & fluid, causes surfactant dysfunction / deficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does sepsis cause RDS?

A

Sepsis can trigger RDS due to lung inflammation & impaired gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Universal sign of RDS

A

Tachypnea (> 60 breaths/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Assessment findings of RDS aside from tachypnea

A
  • Nasal flaring
  • Chest retractions
  • Grunting
  • Seesaw breathing
  • Head bobbing
  • Stress response
  • Respiratory failure - Late sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does seesaw breathing mean?

A

Excessive use of abdominal muscles ; rocking motion of the chest & abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does RDS rarely occure in NSD & Mature Infants?

A
  • Mature infants have fully developed lungs & adequate surfactant levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is RDS prevented?

A
  1. Dating Pregnancy via Sonogram ( determine AOG/FLM)
  2. Determining Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratio
  3. Corticosteroids administration in preterm labor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to check for fetal lung maturity?

A

Amniocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what level of L/S ratio indicates mature lungs w/ enough surfactant.

A

Greater than or equal to 2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Use of administering corticosteroids in preterm labor?

A

To hasten/accelerate FLM by accelerating formation of lung surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nursing Care Management for RDS

A
  1. Promote adequate oxygenation & normal breathing pattern
  2. Prevent secondary infections
    3.Promote desired fluid & nutritional intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proper positioning to improve bronchial drainage & ventilation to all lung fields?

A
  • Head elevated & turn to sides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This uses specific positions to help drain secretions and excess fluids from different lung segments using gravity & prevent aspiration

A

Postural drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Necessary to maintain O2 level

A

Oxygen administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This helps to loosen mucus secretions

A

CPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is the best time to suction

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Before feeding
  • Before bedtime
21
Q

Aids in breathin since sick or premature babies are often not able to breathe well enough on their own. May need help from this machine to deliver O2 into the lungs & remove CO2

Study These Flashcards
A

Mechanical Ventilator

22
Q

RDS

How to prevent secondary infections?

Study These Flashcards
A

BY:
- Maintaining aseptic technique & observe isolation precautions
- Minimizing child contact with infected persons
- Admnister medications as ordered

23
Q

This medication relaxes muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways resulting in easier breathing.

Study These Flashcards
A

Terbutaline (bronchodilator)

24
Synthetic surfactant is sprayed into the lungs using syringe or catheter through an endotracheal tube (ETT)
Surfactant replacement
25
This **occurs shortly after birth** & **fades by 72 hrs of age** when the lung fluid is absorbed & respiratory activity becomes effective
Transient
26
Rapid respiration that remains between **80-120 breaths per min** due to retained lung fluids
Tachypnea
27
Why does TTN more often happen to newborns delivered via C/S?
Since lung fluid absorption during labor & delivery did not normally take place - *thoracic cavity was not compressed, thus less lung fluid is expelled*
28
Why should fetal lung fluids be cleared at birth?
To **allow entry of O2** and the onset of **effective pulmonary gas exchange**
29
Assessment findings of TTN
- Tachypnea - Grunting - Nasal flaring - Mild retractions - Slightly labored breating - Mild hypoxia - Oral feeding difficult - Retained lung fluids - **revealed thru Chest x-ray**
30
How long does TTN usually resolve with supportive care?
24-72 hrs
31
Primary goal for management of TTN
Ensure adequate oxygenation & prevent complications while the newborn gradually clears retained lung fluid
32
Signs of respiratory distress
- Grunting - Nasal flaring - Retractios
33
O2 sat of 90-95% do you treat immediately with O2?
No it is usually monitored, not treated immediately with oxygen unless baby has + signs of RDS
34
At what level of oxygen saturation is considered a moderate case for O2 therapy?
Less than 90%
35
Management for TTN
1. Monitor Respiratory Rate & Oxygenation 2. Avoid Oral Feeding until Tachypnea resolves 3. Maintain a neutral thermal environment
36
Why is NB on NPO status if they are experiencing tachypnea?
Increased risk for aspiration
37
How to maintain hydration & electrolye balance if NB is on NPO
IV fluids (D52 or D10W) as ordered
38
Why must hypothermia be prevented if NB has TTN
Worsen respiratory status
39
How to maintain a neutral thermal environment for NB?
- Use warmers - Skin-to-skin contact
40
A condition when infant** pauses breathing** for **more than 15-20 seconds** accompanied by *bradycardia* & *cyanosis*
Apnea
41
Why is apnea more common in preterm infants?
Due to fatigue to immaturity of respiratory mechanisms
42
Causes / Triggers for Apnea
1. **Prematurity** (AOP) - immature brainstem fails to regulate breathing properly. 2. **Infection** - airway inflammation & apnea 3. **Hypothermia** - slow brain activity, reducing signals for breathing 4. **Hypoglycemia** - brainstem suppression ; decrease glucose in the brain causes cannot regulate breathing properly 5. **Hyperbilirubinemia** - can lead to apnea if it progresses to kernicterus | Kernicterus - condition where bilirubin crosses BBB & damages brain.
43
Nursing Management of Apnea
1. Stimulate baby to breathe again by **gently shaking or flicking soles of the feet or rubbing baby's back** 2. If baby is unresponsive - **ventilation & resuscitation** may be necessary. 3. Use **apnea monitor** - warn nurses for succeeding episodes 4. **Protect** baby **from** undergoing conditions which **triggers them to cause apnea**. 5. **Observe infant** after feeding since a full stomach can put pressure on the diaphragm. **Burp infant every after feeding** 6. **Do not take rectal temp** - to prevent vagal stimulation
44
It is caused by the presence of meconium in the tracheobronchial airwary. Infant with **hypoxia** in utero experiences **vagal reflex relaxation** of the rectal sphincter which releases meconium into the amniotic fluid - *baby is under stress meaning not receiving enough oxygen*
MAS
45
Why do babies who are stressed in utero possible get MAS?
Baby gasping for O2 causing meconium to be aspirated into the lungs.
46
Main Causes of increased stress for the baby causing MAS
1. **Placental insufficiency** - aging / abruption 2. **Issues involving the umbilical cord** - prolapse
47
Meconium Aspiration induces hypoxia via 4 major pulmonary effects:
1. **Obstruction of the airway** 2. **Surfactant dysfunction** 3. **Chemical pneumonitis** 4. **Pulmonary hypertension**
48
Complications of MAS
1. Aspiration Pneumonia 2. Brain damage - due to hypoxia from airway obstruction & ineffective gas exchange 3. Lung collapse **(Atelectasis)**
49
How does MAS complicate to lung collapse?
Sometimes airways can be **partially blocked**, allowing air to reach parts of the lung beyond the blockage but **prevent it from being breathed out** - Involved lung may become over-expanded - **Over-expansion can then rupture and collapse the lung**
50
Assessment for MAS
1. Meconium-stained nails & umbilicus 2. Chest retractions w/ tachypnea 3. Barrel chest 4. Blood gas reveals **Low PO2** (Partial pressure of O2) 5. Chest xray reveals bilateral lung fields are **hyperinflated** w/ non-symmetrical air space opacities, with areas of atelectasis & flattening of the diaphragm
51

MATERNAL-CARE FOR AT RISK (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions