Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > ACUTE DIARRHEA > Flashcards

ACUTE DIARRHEA Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of diarrhea?

A

> 3 loose stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is characterized by acute diarrhea?

A

<2 weeks duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is characterized by chronic diarrhea?

A

> 3 weeks duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is gastroenteritis?

A

diarrhea w/nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is dysentery?

A

diarrhea w/ BLOOD, mucus, pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is osmotic diarrhea? (sorbitol)

A

solutes in lumen draw/keep water in lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is secretory diarrhea? (Cholera)

A

intestinal secretions of solutes and water into lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what sx are see in non-infectious diarrhea?

A

lack of constitutional symptoms (fever, fatigue, night sweats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are sx seen in infectious diarrhea?

A

large volume (often watery) stool, constitutional sx, N/V/abd cramps (gastroenteritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what sx are seen in infectious colitis?

A

fever, tenesmus, and dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is non-inflammatory diarrhea usually viral or bacterial?

A

usually VIRAL! (some bacterial, parasitic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is going on with the mucosa in non-inflammatory diarrhea?

A

intestinal secretion, mucosa INTACT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of diarrhea presents with a fever, and bloody stool?

A

inflammatory

non-inflammatory DOES NOT have either of these sx for the most part (etec-low grade fever)!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of diarrhea has fecal leukocytes?

A

inflammatory

non-inflammatory DOES NOT have this sx!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is inflammatory diarrhea usually viral or bacterial?

A

usually invasive, toxin-producing bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is going on with the mucosa in inflammatory diarrhea?

A

shes DAMAGED** huge thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some examples of non-inflammatory diarrhea?

A

-norovirus
-rotavirus
-cholera
-enterotoxigenic E. coli
-staph aureus
-giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some examples of inflammatory diarrhea?

A

-shigella
-campylobacter
-c. diff
-some salmonella
-shiga toxin E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what pathogen is most common in daycare?

A

rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what pathogen is most common with foods being eggs and dairy?

A

salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what pathogen is most common with water (CAMPING)?

A

streams= giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what pathogen is most commonly associated with travel?

A
  1. enterotoxigenic E. Coli
  2. norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships (and locally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what pathogen is most commonly associated with animals being turtles and reptiles?

A

salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is toxin-mediated “food poisoning” ?

A

bacterial toxin that has abrupt onset (1-8 hours after ingestion) that has vomiting that is PROMINENT (diarrhea minimal) and resolves in <24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is ETEC also known as?

A

traveler’s diarrhea or montezuma’s revenge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the sx of ETEC

A

anorexia, cramps, watery diarrhea, low grade fever
may be nausea& vomiting - not prominent
NO PUS OR BLOODY STOOLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is ETEC/travelers diarrhea due to?

A

contaminated food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is a common cause of acute diarrhea hospitalizations in children?

A

rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

in what season is rotavirus more prevalent?

A

winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how long is viral shedding in rotavirus?

A

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What kind of onset does rotavirus have?

A

acute onset, may be fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is a common cause of diarrheal epidemics?

A

norovirus - HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

33
Q

what kind of onset does norovirus have?

A

acute onset

34
Q

what are the sx of norovirus?

A

N/V
watery diarrhea
abdominal cramps
lasts 1-3 days

35
Q

what are the types of acute bacterial diarrhea specifically?

A

campylobacter
salmonella
shigella
e. coli

ALL OF THESE ARE SEEN ON STOOL CULTURE

36
Q

what is campylobacter seen in?

A

contaminated food (poultry) or d/t contact with fecal material/animal-to-person

37
Q

what are the s/sx of campylobacter?

A

diarrhea +/- BLOOD
abd cramps/pain
fever
usually self-limited -> may not require abx

38
Q

what age population is salmonella seen in?

A

children <4 years old

39
Q

what is salmonella d/t?

A

contaminated food (poultry)
infected animals (turtles)

40
Q

what are the s/sx of salmonella?

A

fever
diarrhea +/-blood
abdominal cramping/pain
usually self-limited -> usually does not require abx

41
Q

what is shigella?

A

“shiga toxin” - toxic to enterocytes

42
Q

what are the sx of shigella?

A

fever
abdominal cramps/pain
TENESMUS–mucoid stools +/- blood
abx shorten duration of illness, limit fecal shedding

43
Q

what is E. coli (shiga toxin) d/t?

A

d/t contaminated food/water

44
Q

what are the sx of E. coli (shiga toxin)?

A

BLOODY DIARRHEA– not typical traveler’s diarrhea
SEVERE abdominal cramps
high fever >101.3
DO NOT USE ABX-> THEY INC RISK OF HUS

45
Q

what is c. diff associated with?

A

antibiotic use

46
Q

what is c. diff?

A

major diarrhea cause in pts hospitalized >3 days (consider in all hospitalized patients w/ unexplained leukocytosis)

47
Q

what type of diarrhea is seen with c. diff?

A

greenish, foul, watery diarrhea 5-15x daily, rarely bloody

48
Q

what will you see on PE of c. diff?

A

normal or mild LLQ tenderness

49
Q

what does it mean if diarrhea of c.diff is severe or fulminant?

A

This means theres profuse diarrhea (> or equal to 30 stools/day)

50
Q

what will you see on PE of severe/fulminant diarrhea of c. diff?

A

fever, hemodynamic instability (shock), abdominal distention, pain, tenderness

51
Q

what labs suggest severe/fulminant diarrhea of c. diff?

A

wbc >30k, albumin <2.5 d/t protein-losing enteropathy, elevated serum lactate, rising Cr

52
Q

if there is severe/fulminant diarrhea of c.diff, what is the imaging of choice?

A

noncontrast abdominal CT to look for colonic dilation and wall thickening

53
Q

what other lab should be done for c. diff (Severe/fulminant diarrhea)?

A

stool toxin/antigen assay

54
Q

what is the number one med assoc. w/ c.diff?

A

clindamycin

55
Q

what are the indications for surgical consultation in management of C. Diff?

A
  1. hypotension w/ or w/o vasopressors
  2. fever > or equal to 38.5
  3. ileus of significant abdominal distention
  4. peritonitis or significant abdominal tenderness
  5. mental status changes
  6. WBC > or equal to 20k
  7. serum lactate levels >2.2
  8. admission to intensive care unit for C. diff
  9. end organ failure (mechanical ventilation, renal failure)
  10. failure to improve after 3-5 days or max medical therapy
56
Q

why do we want to prevent abx use for c. diff?

A

we don’t want to suppress gastric acid

57
Q

what are the sx of parasites as well as the types?

A
  • d/t contaminated food, water, person
  • gradual onset/can be chronic
  • watery, persistent, NON-BLOODY diarrhea
  • vomiting is not prominent
  • malabsorption
    TYPES: #1=GIARDIA, ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
58
Q

what will you see in malabsoprtion d/t parasites?

A

weight loss and foul smelling stool

59
Q

WHAT ARE SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION YOU WILL SEE ON PE?

A
  1. dry mucus membrane
  2. poor skin turgor
  3. orthostatic changes: DECREASE IN BP > 20/10
60
Q

do you usually do a diagnostic workup for acute diarrhea?

A

usually not

61
Q

when would you do a diagnostic workup for diarrhea (What are the exceptions)?

A
  1. wt. loss/ dehydration
  2. bloody diarrhea
  3. severe abdominal pain
  4. recent abx use
  5. immune suppressed/ associated illness/ elderly
  6. high fever > or equal to 101.3
62
Q

if a dx workup for acute diarrhea is needed, what is entailed?

A
  1. stool culture, Giardia antigen testing, O&P
  2. fecal leukocytes/fecal lactoferrin
  3. c. diff testing
  4. electrolytes
  5. renal function testing
63
Q

what abx therapy does shigella. campylobacter, c diff, severe travelers diarrhea, or prtozoal infections get?

A

NONE BITCH YOULL KILL THEM

64
Q

in what cases do you give abx therapy?

A

bloody diarrhea
high fever > or equal to 101.3
elderly or if severe comorbidities
immune compromised

65
Q

what is the tx for acute diarrhea?

A
  1. oral rehydration therapy/early refeeding for dehydration
  2. IV fluids PRN
  3. avoid antimotility agents if bloody diarrhea
  4. probiotics? may shorten duration of sx
66
Q

when would anti-motility agents work for sx relief?

A

in pts w/
no significant fever
non-bloody stools

67
Q

what are ther anti-motility agents?

A

loperamide
pepto-bismol
kaopectate
lomotil- rx because narcotic+atropine (opiate)

68
Q

when do you admit for diarrhea?

A
  1. severe dehydration/ unstable VS
  2. bloody diarrhea w/ anemia
  3. severe abdominal pain & recent abx use
  4. significant comorbidities
69
Q

what is the most common endocrine cuase of nausea that you should consider in any women of childbearing age?

A

pregnancy

70
Q

what are acute symptoms usually?

A

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY , OR IATROGENIC

71
Q

what can chronic GI sx usually indicate?

A

obstruction, fxnal disorders, organic diseases

72
Q

whats the number one cause of GI obstruction?

A

surgery

73
Q

what do you do when the cause of N/V is unknown/ you are uncertain?

A

empiric therapy with antiemetics

74
Q

what kind of sx will a gastric outlet obstruction have?

A

intermittent sx that also cause n/v

75
Q

what kind of sx will intestinal obstruction have?

A

acute sx and severe pain that can lead to n/v

76
Q

what are acute sx that can cause n/v?

A

appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis

77
Q

what kind of sx do motility disorders have?

A

insidious onset of sx w/ inability to move food through GI tract

78
Q

do GERD, PUD, IBS have n/v?

A

may have, but not primary sx

79
Q

COLIC

A

..

GI (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions