Acute Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction And Stroke

Question 1

Heart failure definition

Answer 1

Heart’s inability to pump an adequate supply of blood in the body

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of heart failure

Answer 2

-weakness
-palpitation
-edema (swelling)
-rapid weight gain
-dyspnoea on exertion

Question 3

Inotropic agent’s example of drugs

Answer 3

-dobutamine
Moa: stimulate b1-adrenergic receptors
Side effects: increased heart rate, ectopic heartbeats

-digoxin
Moa: reduce conductivity of heart through atrioventricular node
Side effects: visual disorder, diarrhoea, nausea

Question 4

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) definition

Answer 4

Death of cardiac myocytes accused by prolonged iscemia

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction

Answer 5

-dizziness
-short of breath
-nausea and vomiting

Question 6

Definition of stroke

Answer 6

Blood vessel supplying the brain is obstructed, interrupted and reduced

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of stroke

Answer 7

-face dropping
-dizziness
-tingling numbness

Question 8

Drugs for treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke

Answer 8

-Antiplatelets
Moa: Inhibits platelet aggregation
Side effects: headache, dizziness, angioedema
Eg: aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlodipine

-anticoagulants
Moa: Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors
Side effects: acute kidney injury, nausea, vomiting
Eg: warfarin
Moa:Inhibits conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activated coagulation factors
Side effects: chills, fever, urticaria
Eg: heparin