Acute Inflammation Flashcards
(25 cards)
Define acute inflammation
A series or protective changes occurring in living tissues in a response to injury
What are the cardinal signs or inflammation?
Rubor - redness Calor - heat Tumour - swelling Dolor - pain Loss of function
What are the causes of acute inflammation?
Microorganisims Injury Chemical Heat, Cold Ionising radiation Necrosis Hypersensitivity
What is the microcirculation?
extracellular space filled with fluid and lymphatic drainage
Describe the pathogenesis of acute inflammation
Change in vessel radius
change in vessel permeability
Movement of neutrophils
Describe the local changes of vessel radius in acute inflammation
Transient constriction
Local dilation
Relaxation of vessel smooth muscle
What are the effects of exudation?
Odeama
swelling
swelling causes pain
What are the phases of neutrophil emigration?
Margination - neutrophils move to endothelial aspect of lumen
Pavementing - neutrophils adhere to endothelium
Emigration - neutrphils squeeze between endothelial cells to extravascular tissues
What are the benefits of acute inflammation?
Rapid response to non-specific insult
cardinal signs provide protection to inflamed area
What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?
Resolution
Suppuration
Organisation
Chronic inflammation
What are the functions of neutrophils
Recognise foreign antigen
Move towards it - chemotaxis
adhear to organism
phagocytoe and destroy foreign antigen
What are the consequences of neutrophlic action?
Die after granule contents released
Produce a mixture of fluid, cells, organism - pus
Pus may extend into other tissues
What are the two plasma proteins involved in inflammation?
Fibrinogen
Imminoglobulins
What are the roles of plasma proteins in inflammation?
Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor wich forms fibrin and clots
Immunoglobulins are part of the humoral immune response
What are the mediators of acute inflammation?
Molecules on endothelial cell surface membranes
Molecules released from cells
Molecules in the plasma
What are the collective effect of mediators?
Vasodilation INcreaed permeability Neutrophil adhesion chemotaxis itch and pain
Why are cell surface mediators sticky?
adhesion molecules appear on endothelial cells to help neutrophils stick
P-selectin interacts wih neutrophil surface
What are the immediate systemic effects of inflammation?
Pyrexia
General feeling unwell
Increased white cell count
What are long term effects of inflammation?
Weight loss
Anemia
Lymphadenopathy
What is suppuration?
Formation of pus
Define a abscess
A collection of pus under pressure
What surrounds a abscess?
Ingrowth of granulation tissue?
What is a multiloculated abscess?
When a abscess filled with pus bursts through to the surrounding tissues
What is empyema?
Pus in a hollow viscus
