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Infection, disease, injury > Acute inflammation > Flashcards

Acute inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main causes of acute inflammation?

A
  1. microbial infections
  2. hypersensitivity reactions
  3. physical agents
  4. chemical agents
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2
Q

What are the physical characteristics of acute inflammation?

A
  • red
  • hot
  • swollen
  • pain
  • function loss
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3
Q

What are the two phases of acute inflammation?

A

vascular phase

exudative phase

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4
Q

What happens in the vascular phase?

A

dilation and increased permeability

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5
Q

What happens in the exudative phase?

A

fluid and cells escape from permeable venules

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6
Q

What are the features of an exudate?

A
  • high protein content
  • proteins include immunoglobins
  • fibrinogen converts to fibrin
  • high turnover
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7
Q

What are the benefits of the exudative phase?

A
  • dilution of toxins
  • entry of antibodies
  • fibrin formation
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8
Q

What are the differences between an exudate and a transudate?

A
  • exudate has increased vascular permeability and transudate has normal
  • exudate has high protein content and transudate has low protein content
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9
Q

How is increased vascular permeability achieved?

A

produced by chemical mediators including histamine

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10
Q

What happens in the lymphatic system during inflammation?

A
  • lymphatic dilate
  • drain fluid from exudate
  • antigens carried to lymph nodes
  • recognised by lymphocytes
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11
Q

What is the diagnostic feature of acute inflammation?

A

neutrophil accumulation in the extracellular space

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12
Q

What are the 4 enzymatic cascade systems of plasma?

A
  1. complement system
  2. the kinins
  3. the coagulation factors
  4. fibrinolytic system
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13
Q

How are micro-organisms recognised?

A

they are coated in opsonins

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14
Q

What are the different appearances of acute inflammation?

A 
Serous - protein rich fluid exudate
Catarrhal - mucus hyper secretion
Fibrinous - fibrin exudate 
Haemorrhagic - severe vascular injury 
Suppurative - pus production
Membranous - fibrin epithelium
Pseudomembranous - superficial mucosa slough
Ulceration - excavation of surface
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15
Q

What are the beneficial effects of acute inflammation?

A
  • rapid dilation of toxins
  • entry of antibodies
  • fibrin formation
  • delivery of nutrients and oxygen
  • immune response stimulation
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16
Q

What are the harmful effects of acute inflammation?

A
  • digestion of normal tissues
  • swelling
  • inappropriate immune response

Infection, disease, injury (13 decks)

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