Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RB Y2 Child Health > Acutely Ill Child > Flashcards

Acutely Ill Child Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what cause should be considered for obesity in very overweight child with short stature

A

endocrine cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the concerning features of a child witha UTI

A
  • younger
  • frequent
  • E coli pathogens
  • FH of renal disease
  • poor growth and general health
  • poor urinary flow
  • urinating problems
  • constipation
  • spinal abnormality
  • raised BP
  • abdominal mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

encopresis

A

passage of normal stools in abnormal places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

treatment of constipation

A

laxatives, food and drink attention, toileting behaviour advice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a red flag concerning passage of meconium

A

delay in passage of meconium >24 hours after birth may signal intesintal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

features of CF in neonate

A
  • Meconium ileus – surgical emergency
  • Abnormally prolonged jaundice
  • Malabsorption, steatorrhoea, failure to thrive
  • Recurrent chest infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bristol stool chart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

headache red flags

A
  • headache on waking
  • worse with coughing or bending
  • assoicated vomiting, especially in morning
    • thinking raised ICP?
  • visual disturbance
  • gait disturbance
  • CN palsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

red flags for cardiac syncope

A
  • known congenital heart disease
  • during exercise/when supine
  • FH of sudden death, prolonged QT or HCM
  • preceded by palpitations
  • heart murmur or other CV abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 associated symptoms with murmurs

A
  • breathlessness
  • blue
  • pale
  • sweaty
  • poor feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

red flag symptoms for murmurs

A
  • diastolic - systolic is innocent
  • loud - grade ≥3
  • associated thrill
  • harsh
  • radiate widely
  • other symptoms
  • poor growth
  • FH
  • syncope
  • sweating
  • pallor
  • poor feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

innocent murmurs

A
  • systolic, soft, short, symptomless, standing/sitting (vary with position), low intensity, 2nd left interspace, medial to apex, beneath either clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

specific childhood murmurs:

  • coarctation of aorta
  • VSD
  • ASD
  • pulnonary stenosis
A
  • Coarctation of aorta: Ejection systolic murmur that can be heard through to the back
  • VSD: Pansystolic murmur
  • ASD: Ejection systolic murmur, splitting of 2nd heart sound
  • Pulmonary stenosis: Ejection systolic heard at left upper parasternal edge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compare food intolerance to allergy

A
  • food allergy is a type I IgE mediated reaction - occurs rapidly
  • food intolerance is a delayed reaction, and has more varied symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is measured on a childs head

A

occipitofrontal circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

respiratory rate in children

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

signs of work of breathing

A
  • Tracheal tug
  • Nostril flare
  • Accessory muscle use
  • Intercostal recession
  • Sternal recession
  • Grunting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are common surgical problems in children up to one year

A
  • intussception
  • volvulus
  • incarcerated hernia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are common surgical problems in children from 2-5 years

A
  • intuscception
  • volvulus
  • appendicitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are common surgical presentations in children from 6 to 18

A
  • appendicitis
  • trauma
  • testictular trauma
  • ovarian torsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what should not be used to routinely measure temperature in children aged 0-5

A

oral and rectal routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

measuring temperature in children <4 weeks

A

electronic thermometer in the axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

measuring temperature in children aged 4weeks to 5 years

A
  • Electric thermometer in axilla
  • Chemical dot thermometer in axilla
  • Infra-red tympanic thermometer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is childrens sitting height like

A

proportionally more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do childrens heads differ
relatively large and prominent occiput
26
sepsis in children
initial clinical presentation may be non-specific, and may progress to organ failure and shock very rapidly
27
bronchiolitis
* inflammation of the bronchioles * RSV, also metapneumovirus
28
clinical features of bronchiolitis
* dry cough, wheezing, fever, grunting * intercostal/sternal in drawing in severe cases * hyperinflation * atelectasis
29
treatment of bronchiolitis
supportive
30
croup
* **Laryngotracheobronchitis** – infection of any of this area * Usually viral, can be bacterial * Caused by **parainfluenzae virus** * oral steroid treatment
31
features of croup
* barking cough **–** severely distressed and cough associated with a harsh sound while breathing. Signs of moderate respiratory distress. * narrowing of air column and hypopharynx distension - steeple sign on x ray
32
mangement of croup
oral steroids
33
widespread wheeze and clinical/family history of atopy etc
asthma
34
pertussis presentation
* inspiratory whoop/barking cough * this can be described as the child seeming unable to breath after coughing fit * caused by forced inspiration against a closed glottis
35
what does bilious vomiting indicate
initial sign of intestinal obstruction, with/out abdominal distension
36
how does viral gastoenteritis present
* diarrhoea and may cause vomiting and abdominal pain
37
what is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis
rotavirus typically accompanied by fever
38
treatment of viral gastroenteritis
usually self limiting the main risk is dehydration so give oral rehydration solutions
39
what can often occur for a while after viral gastroenteritis
bloating, abdominal pain, watery stools after drinking milk
40
presentation of pyloric stenosis
* Presents as two lumps in the upper abdomen, visibly peristalsing. * Child will be vomiting as the pyloric muscle is closing down the pathway from the stomach to the duodenum. **Projectile vomiting** typically follows meals by 30 minutes, and the infant is **hungry** afterwards. * Constipation and dehydration may also be present * Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis due to persistent vomiting
41
at which age does *Pyloric Stenosis* usually present
2-6 weeks
42
infantile colic - presentation - age
* 2-6 weeks * paroxysms of crying * normal examination
43
cows milk protein intolerance
diarrhoea proceeding vomiting
44
what is the most common cause of chronic diarrhoea in children
cows milk protein intolerance
45
galactosaemia
* autosomal recessive metabolic condition that presents with failure to thrive and vomiting * sugar galactose
46
how may galactosaemia present
detected by newborn Guthrie test oil drop cataracts noted on examination
47
presentation of Intussusception
* pain, drawing legs up to abdomen and then a pahse of limpness and relaxing * sausage shaped abdominal mass that is palpable * crying, colic * currant jelly stool and bullseye appearance on US
48
most common cause of Intussusception in children
lymphoid hyperplasia due to rotavirus
49
malrotation
childs intestines are not in the normal position
50
what may malrotation lead to
* volvulus * complete twisting of a loop of intestine * obstruction of blood supply leading to infarction * can become gangrenous
51
how does volvulus present
* acutely, abdominal pain, distension and constipation * green/yellow vomit - bilious
52
how does malrotation present (and at what age)
* usually before one year * present with intermittent symptoms of obstruction: * green/yellow vomit * crying and fussy * feeding intolerance * lethargy * swollen, tender abdomen * fever * tachycardia and tachypnoea
53
investigation of malrotation/volvulus
abdominal X ray is first line
54
* Child vomiting, small amounts, effortless, after almost every feed * Gaining weight appropriately * No other abnormalities/excessive crying etc.
* mild GOR
55
what is the meconium
the first stool that a child has, thick and sticky
56
what does delay in pasage of teh first stool by 24 hours indicate
intestinal obstruction
57
meconium ileus
* child's stool is thicker and stickier than usual so creates a blockage in the ileum * earliest signs are abdominal distension, bilious vomit and no passage of meconium
58
what do most children with meconium ileus also have
CF
59
what is required for assessment of jaundice
well lit room
60
presentation of jaundice
* pale stool, dark urine * yellow skin that doesnt blanch
61
what is the cause of jaundice in a 5 day old baby that has no other abnormalities
physiological - baby is adapting to using its own liver
62
define prolonged jaundice
longer than 14 days in term infants, and 21 days in preterm infants
63
what can cause prolonged jaundice
obstructive jaundice
64
pathological cause of jaundice in the first 24 hours
* hepatitis, ABO incompatibility, sepsis, G6PD deficiency (suspect in likely genetic cases)
65
pathological cause of jaundice from 24h to 2 weeks
* haemolysis, polycythaemia, infection (can be acquired during birth e.g. STI, UTI), dehydration, gut obstruction
66
pathological causes of jaundice 2 weeks after birth
* poor milk intake * infection * hypothyroid * biliary atresia
67
investigation of jaundice in infant
LFT, bloods
68
what can be used to treat physiological jaundice
phototherapy
69
complication of jaundice
a prolonged increase in bilirubin can cause it to cross the BBB where it is toxic and can cause bilirubin encephalopathy
70
epiglottitis
* Epiglottitis is an **inflammation of the epiglottis** with the potential to cause **airway** **compromise**, and should be treated as a surgical emergency until the airway is examined and secured. * *Clinical presentation:* drooling, short history, unwell, high fever, audible stridor * Tachypnoea, tachycardia * Cervical lymphadenopathy
71
x ray of epiglottitis
thumb print sign on x ray
72
management of epiglottitis
* Treat with **ceftriaxone,** as **H. influenzae B** is often ß-lactamase resistant (amoxicillin usually), and this is a severe situation
73
which investigations should be avoided in epiglottitis
* Avoid endoscopy if suspected. Do not touch with tongue depressor
74
presentation of meningitis
* Purpuric rash * Photophobic * Headache, stiff neck * Fever, vomiting, irritability, lethargy * prolonged cap refill
75
investigations of meningitis
* FBC * blood culture * lumbar puncture * imaging * blood glucose and coagulation screen are often used in 2y care for those with suspected meningitis
76
what must be done before a lumbar puncture
clotting screen
77
when would a lumbar puncture be performed for meningitis
* contraindicated in meningococcal septicaemia and any signs of raised ICP * eg bulging fontanelle
78
management of meningitis
* ABCDE, ABx, steroids * notify public health
79
identification of meningococcal rash and its implications
* glass tumbler test * implies significant septicaemia
80
investigations of suspected NAI
* bloods * bone density DEXA scan and clotting * plain X ray - full skeletal survey * to look for old breakages
81
which 3 professions need to be contacted in suspected NAI
* social worker * child protection * paediatrician
82
risk factors for NAI
* Low birthweight * Mum\<30 * Unwanted pregnancy * Stress * Poverty
83
features that raise suspicion of NAI
* Inconsistent / changing history of events * Discrepancy of history between parents / carers * History not consistent with injury * Injuries not consistent with age of child e.g. non-walking child * Multiple bruises of varying ages * Atypical injuries e.g. cigarette burns, genital injuries, torn frenulum, dental injuries, lower limb and trunk burns * Rib fractures – particularly those of the **posterior ribs** * Metaphyseal fractures in infants * Torn frenulum
84
which fracture in particular raises suspicion of NAI
posterior ribs
85
tetralogy of fallot
low oxygenation of blood due to mixing through VSD - cyanosis on first day of life
86
87
continuous machine like murmur below left clavicle
patient ductus arteriosus
88
what is the ductus arteriosus a remnant of
ligamentum arteriosum
89
egg shaped ventricles
transposition of great vessels
90
2 signs of coarctation of the aorta
* rib notching on CXR * radio femoral delay

RB Y2 Child Health (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions