adams ch23 lipid disorder meds pt.1

Question 1

Compare and contrast the various agents used to lower lipid levels.
Describe the therapeutic actions, indications, pharmacokinetics, contraindications/cautions, common/serious adverse effects, and drug-to-drug interactions of the bile acid sequestrants, HMG-CoA inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and other agents used to lower lipid levels. Apply appropriate interventions for patients receiving lipid lowering drugs.

Answer 1

learning outcomes

Question 2

Produced by the Liver. Carriers of lipid molecules. Consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids with protein carrier. Protein carrier is known as apoprotein. Three types: high-density ______ (H D L), low-density _______ (L D L), very low-density _________ (V L D L).

Answer 2

Lipoproteins

Question 3

Transports cholesterol from liver to tissues and organs Used to build plasma membranes and synthesize other steroids.
Carries highest amount of cholesterol
aka “Bad” cholesterol. Contributes to plaque deposits and coronary artery disease

Answer 3

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Question 4

primary carrier of triglycerides in blood
Through bodily processes becomes L D L

Answer 4

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDV)

Question 5

Manufactured in liver and small intestine
Reverse cholesterol transport
Assist in transport of cholesterol away from body tissues and back to liver
“Good” cholesterol
Transport cholesterol for destruction and removal from body

Answer 5

HDL

Question 6

Type of lipoprotein disorder.
High levels of lipids in the blood – major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Most patients asymptomatic until cardiovascular disease produces symptoms

Answer 6

Hyperlipidemia

Question 7

serum concentration (mg/dL) of <200 is desirable. 200-249 is borderline high. 240 or more is considered high

Answer 7

total cholesterol

Question 8

serum concentration (mg/dL) of <100 is optimal. 100-129 is normal range. 130-159 is borderline high, 160-189 is high, and above 190 is very high.

Answer 8

LDL

Question 9

serum concentration (mg/dL) of <150 is normal range. 150-199 is borderline high, 200-499 is high, and above 500 is very high.

Answer 9

triglycerides

Question 10

serum concentration (mg/dL) of <40 is low and above 60 is high.

Answer 10

HDL

Question 11

Excessive dietary intake of fats. Genetic alterations in fat metabolism leading to a variety of elevated fats in the blood

Answer 11

Causes of Hyperlipidemia

Question 12

Every cell can make cholesterol, but is limited by _________ ________.

Answer 12

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 13

Family history of premature A S C V D
Persistently high L D L-C or triglyceride levels
Metabolic syndrome
C K D
Chronic inflammatory disorders
High risk ethnic groups
History of preeclampsia
Premature menopause

Answer 13

risks for lipid and cv diseases

Question 14

Monitor blood-lipid levels
Maintain weight
Implement a medically supervised exercise plan
Consume healthy protein sources such as low-fat poultry (without the skin), fish/seafood, low-fat dairy products, and nuts
Limit intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and tropical vegetable oils
Increase soluble fiber in diet
Eliminate tobacco use

Answer 14

Non-Pharmacotherapy Changes

Question 15

HMG-CoA Inhibitors
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Fibric Acid drugs

Answer 15

lipid lowering drugs