adaptive immune response

Question 1

summary of adaptive immune response

Answer 1

Response specific to antigen
Learnt behaviour
Memory to specific antigen
Quicker response

Question 2

humoral adaptive immunity - b cell activation

Answer 2

B cells express membrane bound Ig (IgM or IgD monomer)

Each B cell can only make one Ab that will only bind one epitope on one Antigen

Question 3

types of t cells

Answer 3

t -regs- suppress immune responses
t- helper - express CD4 To help activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic - express cd8- release perforin which causes cells to lyse

Question 4

5 classes of immunoglobulins

Answer 4

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE

Question 5

main type of immonoglobilin and it’s characteristics

Answer 5

Igg
Highly specific
Important during secondary response

Question 6

Basic structure of an antibody

Answer 6

Y shaped
Two chains - light and heavy
Functional region where it binds to receptors
Fab fragment bind to pathogens ( variable region )

Question 7

What is CD20?

Answer 7

A protein found on B cells
Mature cell marker

Question 8

Basic function of antibodies

Answer 8

Neutralise toxins
Opsonisation of pathogens
Destroy pathogens

Question 9

Where are Mhc 1 expressed

Answer 9

On all nucleated cells

Question 10

Where are mhc 2 expressed

Answer 10

Antigen presenting cells

Question 11

What is igg important for

Answer 11

Secondary / memory response , crosses placenta

Question 12

What is igm important for

Answer 12

Important in primary responses for complement system activation

Question 13

What is iga important for

Answer 13

Protects mucosal surfaces

Question 14

What is igE important for

Answer 14

bound to mast cells and basophils ,
Important in allergy and infection response

Question 15

What do mhc class 1 display the antigen to

Answer 15

Cd8+ve cytotoxic T cells

Question 16

What do MHC class 2 display antigens to

Answer 16

Cd4+ve helper T cells

Question 17

Mechanism and example of type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 17

Antigen reacts with igE bound to mast cells
Causes them to release histamine
Eg, anaphylaxis

Question 18

Mechanism and example of type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 18

IgG or Igm binds to antigen on cell surface
Eg, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia , rheumatic fever

Question 19

Mechanism and example of type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 19

Free antigen and antibody combine
Eg, systemic lupus

Question 20

Mechanism and example of type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 20

T cell mediated
Eg, tuberculosis , multiple sclerosis

Question 21

What is extravasation

Answer 21

Leukocyte migration across the endothelium

Question 22

Main ige receptor cell

Answer 22

MAST CELLS

Question 23

where do t cell originate

Answer 23

haematopoetic stem cells

Question 24

what do CD proteins do

Answer 24

help to differentiate major groups of effector t lymphocytes

Question 25

what will cd8+ cells become

Answer 25

cytotoxic t cells

Question 26

what will cd4+ cells become

Answer 26

t helper cells

Question 27

what mhc class presents to cd8

Answer 27

class 1

Question 28

what mhc class presents to cd4

Answer 28

class 2

Question 29

when are t helper cells asctivated

Answer 29

when presented to mhc class 2 proteins

Question 30

where does positive selection occur

Answer 30

cortex of thymus

Question 31

purpose of positive selection

Answer 31

only allows selection for t cells that bind to self antigens

Question 32

where does negative selection occur

Answer 32

medulla of thymus

Question 33

A 3 year old girl is brought into A&E with a high grade fever and purpuric rash. She is suspected to have bacterial meningitis and a lumbar puncture was performed. Given the likely diagnosis, which cell type would you expect to predominate in the CSF?

Answer 33

NEUTROPHILS

Question 34

What IL is responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of b cells

Answer 34

Il 4