Adaptive immunity-T cells Flashcards Preview

(2020-21 BY2BC1) Metabolism > Adaptive immunity-T cells > Flashcards

Flashcards in Adaptive immunity-T cells Deck (11)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q
A
2
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Adaptive immunity is the 3rd line of defence

A

TRUE

  • Lymphocytes – B and T cells
  • Similar effector mechanisms to innate immunity
  • Unique system of recognition
3
Q

Describe pathogen recognition– innate immunity

A
  • A fixed repertoire of receptors and soluble molecules (PRR)
  • All components are inherited
  • New variants rarely arise
  • Overall strategy
  • recognise pathogenic structures (PAMPs), or
  • detect alterations in infected or damaged cell
4
Q

Describe pathogen recognition– adaptive immunity

A
  • Each lymphocyte (cell) expresses just one molecular type of receptor
  • B cells – B cell Receptor (BCR; membrane immunoglobulin)
  • T cells – T Cell Receptor (TCR)
  • The receptors are made by gene rearrangement so we all have millions of different specificities
  • Each cell is a clone with a unique receptor
5
Q

State 3 advantages of the adaptive immunity

A
  • Precise targeting
  • Memory cells
  • Recognize “new” pathogens
6
Q

Describe the B cell receptor

A
7
Q

Describe the plasma cell receptor

A
8
Q

Describe the T cell receptor

A
9
Q

How is receptor diversity generated?

A

By gene rearrangement

10
Q

Explai why receptors of adaptive immunity are highly specific

A
  1. During developmet, progenitor cells give rise to large numbers of circulating lymphocytes, each having a different form of cell surface receptor
  2. The recptors of only a few circulating lymphocytes interact with any given pathogen
  3. Pathogen-reactive lymphocytes are triggered to divide and proliferate
  4. Pathogen-activated lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells that eliminate the pathogen
11
Q

Describe the advantage confered by highly specific antibodies

A

Antibodies made during infectin with measles virus bind to the birus and prevent reinfection with measles virus

Antibodies made during infection with measles virus do not bind to influenza virus