ADCT 200 - Final Exam Flashcards

Develop an understanding of pharmacology and to increase their familiarity with the signs and symptoms of psychoactive chemical problems. (75 cards)

1
Q

Which of the following routes of administration acts the slowest upon the brain?

A

contact (trans dermal) absorption.

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2
Q

When a drug is injected, how long does it take for the drug to reach the brain?

A

15 to 30 seconds

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3
Q

Another word for putting powdered cocaine under the tongue is

A

sublingual

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4
Q

The main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect the body is the

A

blood-brain barrier

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5
Q

A child’s circulatory system contains about how much blood?

A

3-4 quarts of blood

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6
Q

How many nerve cell connections are in the nervous system?

A

100 million

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7
Q

Which of the following is a function of the new brain?

A

creativity

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8
Q

Which of the following is a part of a neuron?

A

terminals

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9
Q

The gap between neurotransmitters is the

A

synapse

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10
Q

Within the neuron, what is stored in vesicles?

A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q

When a substance originates outside the body, it is

A

exogenous

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12
Q

The mechanism that accepts neurotransmitters are

A

antagonists

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13
Q

Which is NOT a type of tolerance?

A

delayed tolerance

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14
Q

Which is NOT a type of withdrawal?

A

pharmacodynamic withdrawal

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15
Q

Which is NOT a desired effect of psychoactive drugs?

A

to increase depression

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16
Q

In levels of use terminology, abuse means

A

continued use of the drug despite negative consequences.

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17
Q

The T in SPECT scans stands for what?

A

tomography

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18
Q

Which is NOT a genetic research technique?

A

liver biopsies

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19
Q

Which will NOT cause a sober mouse to become an alcoholic mouse?

A

genes

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20
Q

Drugs that bind to receptors and block the effects of neurotransmitters are

A

antagonists

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21
Q

When there is internal conflict, the new brain will usually override the old brain.

A

False

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22
Q

The nucleus accumbens is found in the old brain

A

True

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23
Q

Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that don’t have a natural counterpart in the body.

A

True

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24
Q

_____ for stimulating the reward/reinforcement center is the GABA

A

False

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25
The most addicting drug is alcohol
False
26
Which of the following is NOT true about cocaine?
The United States consumes 80% of the world's cocaine
27
Which of the following is true of cocaine hydrochloride?
It is 200 times more powerful by weight then the cocoa leaf
28
Which statement about cocaine is NOT true?
Injecting cocaine gets to the brain faster than smoking cocaine (i.e., crack).
29
What is the name of the metabolite produced when alcohol and cocaine are used together?
cocaethylene
30
Which is NOT true regarding the cardiovascular effects of cocaine use?
There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itself.
31
Which of the following is NOT part of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome?
decreased appetite
32
The combination of heroin and cocaine is known as
speedball
33
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of long-term abuse of cocaine?
severe weight gain
34
Which of the following is true of crack cocaine?
Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine.
35
Which of the following has NOT been a use for amphetamine?
to relax muscles
36
Ice is to methamphetamine as ______ is to cocaine
crack
37
The difference between the neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is that
amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not
38
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
GHB
39
Which of the following has the most caffeine content?
espresso coffee (4 oz. demitasse)
40
Which of the following is NOT true concerning nicotine?
A chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette.
41
All stimulants increase the chemical and electrical activity in the central nervous system
false
42
Snorting cocaine is a self-limiting method of using cocaine
true
43
Many of the abnormalities in the newborns of drug users have more to do with the mother's lifestyle than the drug itself.
true
44
Crack cocaine is not only stronger than powdered cocaine, it is an entirely different molecule, so it acts on different neurotransmitters.
false
45
The physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar
true
46
Tolerance to amphetamines is pronounced
true
47
ADHD is often treated with amphetamine like drugs.
true
48
Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over-the-counter diet pills are completely safe.
false
49
The most important reason that people continue to smoke is an intense desire to maintain a certain nicotine level in the blood and brain to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
true
50
It is estimated that one person dies from second hand smoke (mostly from cardiovascular disease) for every eight smoker deaths.
true
51
The neurotransmitter that transmits pain is
Substance P
52
Which is a possible deadly side effect of using heroin intravenously
HIV Infection
53
A drug that stops the effect of heroin in the brain is
Naltrexone
54
Methadone works by
Substituting a long-acting opioid for a short-acting one
55
Major heroin withdrawal symptoms usually last
5 to 7 days
56
Which substance has been used to dilute heroin
Baby laxative
57
Which combination of drugs would probably be more dangerous
Valium and alcohol
58
The most common medical use of opioids is
Analgesia
59
Which is an effect of sedative-hypnotics
Controls skeletal muscular spasms
60
Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal symptoms can include
Convulsions
61
Barbiturates were supplanted as the sedative-hypnotic of choice by
Benzodiazepines
62
The first benzodiazepine was
Librium
63
One of the reasons that GHB and Rohypnol are similar to alcohol is their
Disinhibitory effect
64
The ancient Egyptians used opium for its medical properties
True
65
Fentanyl is stronger than morphine
True
66
Heroin mimics the body’s own pain messengers
False
67
Codeine can control diarrhea
True
68
The majority of heroin users are unemployed and live on the street
False
69
Darvon will help suppress heroin withdrawal
True
70
Tolerance to the physical and mental effects of increased doses of sedative-hypnotics increases at the same rates
False
71
The most dangerous barbiturates are the long-acting ones, such as phenobarbital
False
72
Low level use of benzodiazepines over an extended period of a year or more will cause physical dependence
True
73
The liver alters Valium into a more potent drug
True
74
Due to a large margin of safety, overdosing with benzodiazepines is difficult
True
75
Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous physically than withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics
False