addiction Flashcards
reward centres
reward pathways
neurone project from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens & prefrontal cortex
heroine
increases firing rate of dopaminergiv neurones
amphetamine
increase dopamine release
cocaine
inhibit dopamine reuptake
physical dependence which develops as a consequence of tolerance to the drug
Psychological craving which is a result of stimulation of reward pathways in the brain
Cocaine
coca leaves cocaine hydrochloride is snorted or injected stimulant euphoriant increased alertness and energy increased confidence and impaired judgement lessesns appetite more sleeo damage- nose and airways convulsions with respiratory failure cardiac arrhythmia hypertension and CVA toxic confusion paranoid psychosis
cocaine withdrawal effects
depression irritibality agitation craving hyperphagia hypersomnia
Amphetamine
effects similar to cocaine but longer lasting
toxic confusion ocassionally with convulsions
amphetamine psychosis in heavy chronic use
opiates
opium, morphine, heroin (diamorphine)
methadone
codeine and dihydrocodeine
heroin
available as dimorphine or as diamorphine clhoride analgesia drowsiness and sleep mood change respiratory depression cough reflex depression sensitization of labyrinthwith nausea and vomiting decrease sympathetic outflow pupillary constrction
effects of opiates
intense but transient feeling of pleasure
- a rush
-almost orgasmic
physical and emotional anaesthetic
opiate withdrawal syndrome
craving, insomnia, yawning, muscle pain and cramps, increased salivary, nasal, and lacrimal secretions, dilated pupils, piloerection (goosebumps)
-methadone maintenance
decriminalises drug use
reduces iv misuse
estasy
euphoria follwed by calm
side effect
nausea dry mouth
cannabisTETRAHYDROCANNABINOL IS THE PSYCHOACTIVE AGENT
PRESENTED AS MARIJUANA, HASHISH OR HASH OIL
SKUNK( sensimilla has high THC content
relaxing or stimulating, euphoriant, increases socialbility and hilarity, increases appetite, changes in time perception
higher dose- anxiety, panic, persecutory ideation, hallucination
novel psychoactive substance
similar chemical structure to class A
