Additional Flashcards
1
Q
ablaut
A
a change in vowel in a verb conjugation
2
Q
elide
A
omit a vowel when combining words or roots
3
Q
Old English
A
500-1066 CE
4
Q
Middle English
A
1066-1500
5
Q
Early Modern English
A
1500-1800
6
Q
Modern English
A
1800-present
7
Q
1066
A
Norman Conquest - England under French rule
8
Q
1362
A
Statue of Pleading - Made English official
9
Q
etymon
A
the ancestor of a word
10
Q
cognate
A
two words that share an ancestor
11
Q
Mycenean Greece
A
1700-1100 BCE
12
Q
Decipherers of Linear B
A
Michael Ventris and Alice Kober
13
Q
Linear B
A
a writing system used in later Mycenean Greece
14
Q
Linear A
A
the precursor of Linear B
15
Q
Linear B usage
A
mostly administrative, used for palace affairs
16
Q
phoneme
A
the smallest unit of sound capable of carrying meaning
17
Q
allophone
A
differences in the pronunciation of phonemes - “p” in “pit” vs “tip”
18
Q
morpheme
A
the smallest carrier of meaning
19
Q
Grimm’s Law
A
describes a series of consonant shifts that distinguish Germanic languages
20
Q
Voiceless stops became -
A
Voiceless fricatives
21
Q
Voiced stops became -
A
voiceless stops
22
Q
Voiced aspirated stops became -
A
voiced stops
23
Q
conjugate
A
give a verb the appropriate inflection
24
Q
tense
A
refers to the time when an action or state happens
25
indicative mood
used to state things
26
subjunctive mood
used to refer to things that are removed from reality
27
imperative mood
used to give orders
28
infinitive form
the base form of a verb, can be used with or without "to"
29
participle
verb form that is used as an adjective
30
strong conjugation
verb vowels change (ablaut)
31
weak conjugation
verb endings change
32
metathesis
when two sounds or syllables in a word switch places
33
Descriptive dictionary
A dictionary that aims to describe how words are used
34
Prescriptive dictionary
A dictionary that sets guidelines for how words should be used
35
Orthographic words
A series of letters bounded by spaces
36
Phonetic word
A sequence of sounds
37
Lexeme (1)
Any meaningful speech form in the vocabulary of a language
38
Lexeme (2)
The group of inflections of one word
39
Lemma
The word that a lexeme (2) is listed under in a dictionary
40
Homonyms
Two lexemes with the same pronunciation and spelling
41
Homographs
Two lexemes with the same spelling but different pronunciations
42
Homophones
Two lexemes with different spellings but the same pronunciation
43
Compound
A lexeme made of two words, can be open (with a space between the lexemes) or closed (no space between lexemes)
44
Phrasal lexemes
Multi-word lexemes which have a meaning that is not derivable from the independent meanings of their components
45
Denotation
What a word refers to, the defenition
46
Connotation
The associations of a word
47
Hypernym
A word that refers to a set of other words
48
Hyponym
A word with a more specific meaning than another general term also applied to it
49
Meronym
A word that refers to a part of another thing
50
Polysemy
When a word has multiple meanings
51
Tupi
A Native American language, usually adopted into Portuguese then English
52
cashew
adopted from Tupi
53
piranha
adopted from Tupi
54
tanager
adopted from Tupi
55
toucan
adopted from Tupi, went through Portuguese then French
56
jaguar
adopted from Tupi, went through Spanish or Portuguese
57
adopted from Tupi
cashew
58
adopted from Tupi
piranha
59
adopted from Tupi
tanager
60
adopted from Tupi, went through Portuguese then French
toucan
61
adopted from Tupi, went through Spanish or Portuguese
jaguar
62
Quecha
language of the Inca (modern Peru), usually adopted through Spanish
63
condor
adopted from Quecha
64
llama
adopted from Quecha
65
quinoa
adopted from Quecha
66
lagniappe
adopted from Quecha, went through Spanish then Louisiana French
67
quipu
adopted from Quecha
68
adopted from Quecha
condor
69
adopted from Quecha
llama
70
adopted from Quecha
quinoa
71
adopted from Quecha, went through Spanish then Louisiana French
lagniappe
72
adopted from Quecha
quipu
73
Nahuatl
a language of southern Mexico and Central America, usually adopted through Spanish
74
avocado
adopted from Nahuatl
75
cacao
adopted from Nahuatl
76
chocolate
adopted from Nahuatl
77
guacamole
adopted from Nahuatl
78
tomato
adopted from Nahuatl
79
Algonquian
a language family of North America, usually adopted directly into English
80
chipmunk
adopted from Algonquian
81
Michigan
adopted from Algonquian
82
Mississippi
adopted from Algonquian
83
racoon
adopted from Algonquian
84
skunk
adopted from Algonquian
85
adopted from Algonquian
chipmunk
86
adopted from Algonquian
Michigan
87
adopted from Algonquian
Mississippi
88
adopted from Algonquian
racoon
89
adopted from Algonquian
skunk
90
defining vocabulary
the list of words that can be used for definitions in a dictionary
91
substitutability
the definition is a phrase that can be substituted for the word itself without loss or gain of meaning
92
synonymous cross-reference
when the dictionary lists a synonym rather than or in addition to a definition
93
genus + differentiae
take a hypernym of the headword to be defined, then add the specific qualities that make for that headword
94
meronymy
Definitions which begin, "the part of ____ which ..."
95
Pinyin
The system for writing Chinese characters in English
96
bok choy
adopted from Cantonese
97
kumquat
adopted from Cantonese
98
lo mein
adopted from Cantonese
99
ginseng
adopted from Pekingese
100
ramen
adopted from Pekingese via Japanese
101
tangram
adopted from Pekingese and Greek
102
Hindi
one of the official languages of India, heavily influenced by Sanskrit
103
bandanna
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
104
cheetah
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
105
cot
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
106
juggernaut
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
107
loot
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
108
adopted from Cantonese
bok choy
109
adopted from Cantonese
kumquat
110
adopted from Cantonese
lo mein
111
adopted from Pekingese
ginseng
112
adopted from Pekingese via Japanese
ramen
113
adopted from Pekingese and Greek
tangram
114
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
bandanna
115
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
cheetah
116
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
cot
117
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
juggernaut
118
adopted from Hindi, influenced by Sanskrit
loot
119
reduplication
The repetition of a word-element within the same word
120
spoonerism
methathesis between words
