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Additional Flashcards

1
Q

this type of plant is more susceptible to pesticide damage

A

herbaceous plant

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2
Q

lower spraying pressure, larger opening size help minimize this

A

spray drift

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3
Q

highly volatile pesticides have this kind of drift

A

vapor drift

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4
Q

biorational controls

A

oils, soaps, microbials

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5
Q

simple metamorphosis

A

nymphs hatch as miniature versions of adults; aphids grasshoppers thrips true bugs

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6
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

egg, larva, pupa, adult; ants bees flies butterflies

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7
Q

solution

A

dissolving substance into liquid; requires no agitation; can see through it usually

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8
Q

suspension

A

dispersing small particles into a liquid

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9
Q

emulsion

A

active ingredient is dissolved into oil based solvent then further diluted with water; some have EMULSIFIERS that prevent products from settling

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10
Q

emulsifiable concentrate

A

oil soluable liquid ai, petroleum based solvents, and a mixing agent; normally 2-6 pounds of ai per gallon

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11
Q

invert emulsion

A

water soluble pesticide in oil carrier; consistency of mayo; large droplets with low drift

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12
Q

flowables

A

ai are insoluable, made into fine powder and suspended in liquid; may be abrasive; thick liquid

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13
Q

wettable powder

A

dry finely ground material that must be mixed and agitated constantly

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14
Q

FIFRA

A

federal law that regulates production, sale, transportation, use, and disposal of pesticides

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15
Q

tolerance

A

amount of residue of pesticide allowed to remain on plant or animal used for food/feed

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16
Q

reregistration

A

EPAs effort to reevaluate pesticides registered before 1984

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17
Q

registration review

A

EPA program that lets EPA periodically reevaluate pesticides

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18
Q

restricted use pesticide

A

may cause harm to environment or applicator unless additional regulatory restrictions are applied; these pesticides can cause harm even if labeled is followed

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19
Q

How long is the certification period?

A

3 years

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20
Q

What percent of certification points can come from in house?

A

up to 50%

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21
Q

How many points must C03 certified applicators earn per year?

A

6 points

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22
Q

How long must records of pesticides be kept?

A

2 years

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23
Q

Special Local Need Registration

A

allow use of pesticide on object it is not federal labelled for; manufacturers must provide supplemental labeling for each SLN registration; SLN labeling has SLN# and state code

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24
Q

Emergency Exemption

A

Section 8 crisis exemption; pesticide can be used on crop that has no tolerance

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25
Expert use permit
permit used to test pesticide under controlled conditions
26
Endangered species act
introduced to restrict used pesticides on sites that harbor endangered species
27
Vehicles transporting hazardous materials must have this on each side/end
placards
28
Hazard communication standard
information concerning hazards of chemicals must be given to employees
29
Resource conservation and recovery act
regulates generation, treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal of solid wastes
30
Two types of solid waste
P List and U List
31
P-List
( waste ) acutely hazardous commercial chemical products
32
U-List
( waste )Toxic and other commercial chemical products
33
Conditionally exempt small quantity generator
less than 100kg u list waste less than 1 kg p list waste
34
small quantity generator
100 to 1000 kg u list waste but no more than 1 kg p list waste
35
large quantity generator
1000 kg or more u list waste or 1 kg or more of p list waste
36
small and large quantity generators must obtain THIS
EPA number
37
How long do small quantity generators have to treat waste?
180 days
38
How long do large quantity generators have to treat waste?
90 days
39
CERCLA
allows EPA authority to carry out cleanups of releases
40
trade name
manufacturer specific name for pesticide ie round up, interline, etc
41
brand name
often indicates formulation and %ai ie Tempo 20WP ( 20% ai wettable powder )
42
chemical name
complex name that identifies chemical structure
43
common name
shortened chemical name ie glufosonate, metribuzin, etc
44
EPA registration numbers
include 2 sets of numbers; one for the manufacturer and one for the product ( sometimes contains 3 numbers,
45
EPA establishment number
identifies facility that produced the product
46
mandatory statements
must be followed and are direct and imperative
47
advisory statements
recommended actions that help efficiency or safety
48
water dispersible granular
wettable powder formulations compressed into dust free particles
49
soluble powder
like wettable powder but dissolves into water
50
adjuvant
chemical that changes how a pesticide works
51
surfactant
most common adjuvant
52
nonionic surfactant
helps systemic pesticides
53
cationic surfactant
not used standalone, positive charge
54
anionic surfactant
helps contact pesticides
55
toxicity
measure of a pesticides capacity to cause illness
56
exposure
when pesticides get onto or into the body
57
hazard
toxicity x exposure; greatest hazard comes during mixing
58
local effects
contact with pesticide on body
59
systemic effects
substance absorbed into body
60
main pesticide route into body
through skin
61
what type of formulations absorb easily through skin?
oil based formulations
62
LD50
amount required of toxicant to kill 50% of population of test subjects ( the lower the number the worse )
63
LC50
concentration of substance in air or water required to kill 50% of test population; good for fish testing
64
Global harmonized system
international system of Hazard Communication
65
4 signal words
DANGER-POISON, DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION
66
DANGER-POISON
skull and crossbones, trace amounts to 50mg LD50
67
DANGER
often corrosive; normally have highly toxic contact effects
68
WARNING
50-500 mg LD50
69
CAUTION
500-5000 mg LD50
70
Chronic toxicity
long term exposure effects
71
Cholinestrate Inhibition
organophosphates and carbamids can reduce cholinestrate in body which can effect nervious system; should get monitored before and after use
72
Where can you find required PPE?
under "Precautionary Statements"
73
most standard PPE
long pants, long shirt, shoes and socks
74
What percent of pesticide exposure is reduced when wearing gloves?
99%
75
What body part gets the most pesticide exposure?
hands ( 85% ) followed by forearms ( 13% )
76
Standard glove thickness
14 mils
77
What organization is responsible for testing and approving different types of respirators?
NIOSH
78
Atmosphere supplying respirators
Supply clean air
79
Air purifying respirators
purify the air that you breathe; can be powered or unpowered
80
filters ( respirators )
remove dust or sprays
81
chemical canisters ( respirators )
vapor and gas removing
82
What appears on labeling when a powered APR is required?
"HE"
83
N rated APR
not oil resistant
84
R rated APR
oil resistant up to 8 hours
85
P rated APR
oil proof
86
solubility
ability of pesticide to dissolve in solvent; high solubility increases runoff
87
adsorption
pesticide binds to soil particles; high adsorption= less likely to move from spray site
88
persistence
ability of pesticide to remain on spray site; can be good for control or bad for food and stuff
89
volatility
tendency for pesticide to turn to gas or vapor
90
types of unwanted pesticide movement on the ground
runoff ( flowing downhill ) and leaching ( absorbing too deeply in ground )
91
techniques to reduce drift
low pressure, large droplet size, low wind
92
low relative humidity and high temp does this to spray drift
increases it
93
temperature inversion
warm air is above cooler air; don't apply under these conditions because drift occurs badly; happens worst at night into mid morning
94
vapor drift
volatile pesticides turn to gas and drift at high temperatures
95
point source
from specific location such as pesticide spill
96
non point source
from widespread location such as broadcast agro application
97
physical incompatability
pesticides won't stay mixed; turns into paste, putty, or cottage cheese like consistency
98
chemical incompatability
alters activity of one or more mixed pesticides
99
compatibility test
fill jar 1/5 to 1/2 with carrier and add proportionate amounts of each product and wait 10-15 minutes
100
Tank mixing order
carrier, compatability agent, suspension products (dry then liquid); solution products; adjuvants; emulsion products
101
two primary types of closed mixing and loading systems
mechanical devices and water soluble packaging
102
mini bulk containers
40-330 gallons; often pump and drive units deliver the product; is usually returned to manufacturer to be refilled
103

Pesticide (3 decks)

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