additional info 2

Question 1

2 main branches of ISO 17025

Answer 1

management requirements - operational effectiveness of the QMS
technical requirements - determine the correctness of test calculations

Question 2

selective perception

Answer 2

allows expectation to affect how we perceive things

Question 3

anchoring affects/ focalism

Answer 3

rely heavily on initial piece of information. all judgements based on the ‘anchor’

Question 4

recency

Answer 4

rely more on the newest evidence than the oldest

Question 5

conservatism bias

Answer 5

opposite to recency - rely on oldest more than newest

Question 6

salience

Answer 6

focusing on the most easily recognisable features of the situation

Question 7

availability heuristic

Answer 7

people who over estimate the importance of the information that’s available to them

Question 8

clustering illusion

Answer 8

seeing patterns in random events

Question 9

reconstructive effects

Answer 9

relying on memory to fill in the gaps in the absence of contemp notes. memory recency effects –> avoid by taking notes

Question 10

cultural risk of bias

Answer 10

over confidence in one’s ability and organisational competence

Question 11

improvements from Scottish police after the Shirley McKie case

Answer 11

• improved note taking
• technical reviewers having no prior info about case
• removing all contextual info
• blind verification introduced
• regular dip sampling of complete case work

Question 12

a proxy propostion

Answer 12

when no prior disclosure of the defence account means the prosecution have to make up their own hypothesis of what might be argued.