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emt midterm > Additional Info from PPT > Flashcards

Additional Info from PPT Flashcards

1
Q

an obligation to provide care to a patient

A

Duty to Act

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2
Q

Not providing care as would be expected of an EMT in your locality. For example: performing a task improperly.

A

Failure to Meet the Standard of Care

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3
Q

Air can leak around a

A

stoma

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4
Q

Crackles, rhochi, wheezing

A

lower airway

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5
Q

Stridor, snoring

A

upper airway

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6
Q

the individual is lying on their side

A

lateral recumbent

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7
Q

Marfan syndrome leads to

A

AAA

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8
Q

Breathing stops and starts while sleeping

A

Sleep apnea

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9
Q

Narrowest part of an adult airway

A

Glottic opening

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10
Q

Narrowest part in child airway

A

cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

What nerve can you stimulate during suction and placement of advanced airways

A

Vagus

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12
Q

What are these symptoms a sign of….
dyspnea, SOB, decreasing minute volume, diaphoresis, cannot speak full symptoms, pain with breathing, accessory muscle use, anxiety

A

Airway compromise

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13
Q

Respiratory patient assessment: breathing tidal volume should be between…

A

5-7 mL/kg

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14
Q

Uses light to measure oxygen in peripheral blood (capillary beds)

A

Pulse oximetry

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15
Q

What kind of patients are used to a low normal pulse oximetry?

A

Emphysema

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16
Q

Produced during cellular respiration and excreted through exhalation

A

CO2

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17
Q

Most abdominal organs are

A

hollow

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18
Q

Airway protection position of comfort

A

LLR

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19
Q

Normal ETCO2 monitor

A

35-45 mmHg

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20
Q

continuous monitoring of CO2 respiratory gases

A

capnography

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21
Q

Early recognition of CO2 levels…

A

hypoventilation, apnea, or airway obstruction

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22
Q

Attempt to maintain a minimum of — in CO2 capnograms…

A

10 mmhg

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23
Q

Bronchospasms occur in

A

COPD, asthma

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24
Q

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

A

preload

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25
Q

resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

A

afterload

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26
Q

Afterload is increased in

A

hypertension and vasoconsttriction

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27
Q

preload is increased in

A

hypervolemia, heart failure

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28
Q

Hypertension is….

A

compensating

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29
Q

hypotension is

A

decompensating

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30
Q

ASA is an

A

antiplatlete

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31
Q

take the load off of the heart…

A

reduce the preload

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32
Q

Non-enteric coated

A

aspirin

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33
Q

Do not use nitro with

A

hypotension

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34
Q

Do not directly examine the __ with the ECG

A

Right ventricle

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35
Q

No conduction and no pump activity

A

Asystole

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36
Q

Quivering ventricles, irregular, minimal to no perfusion (output)

A

V fib

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37
Q

Verify carotid pulsel monomorphic or polymorphic

A

V tach

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38
Q

Over ventilation with cardiac resuscitation leads to

A

Regurgitation and aspirin

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39
Q

Ventilate adult cpr once every

A

6-8 seconds

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40
Q

With cardio cerebral resuscitation, continuous compressions with a

A

NRB at 15 lpm

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41
Q

Ventilation once every 6-8 seconds after

A

Advances airway placement

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42
Q

Neonates compression includes

A

3 compressions to 1 ventilation

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43
Q

MCMAID with what kind of resuscitation

A

Cardio cerebral

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44
Q

ROSC indications

A 
Improves mental status
Palpable carotid pulse at rhythm check intervals 
Agonal gasps 
End tidal co2 jump 
Obtain a 12 lead
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45
Q

How many cranial nerves

A

12

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46
Q

Means wandering, runs brainstem to colon

A

Vagus

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47
Q

Behind ear, respiratory tract and most of GI, stimulates muscle in upper respiratory tract, heart (Bradycardia)

A

Motor vagus nerve

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48
Q

Exposure to extreme heat, stress, straining bowel movements, standing for a long time, holding breath

A

Vasovagal syncope

49
Q

Fainting lightheaded, tunnel vision, cool and clammy, hypotension, bradycardia

A

Parasympathetic response

50
Q

Check orthostatic vitals with

A

Vagus nerve

51
Q

Phrenic nerve originates in the

A

Cervical C3-C5 and into thoracic

52
Q

keeps the diaphragm alive

A

C3,4,5

53
Q

Phrenic nerve can cause

A

Diaphragmatic paralysis, mechanical trauma, compression, paradoxical motion

54
Q

Acute form of laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Croup

55
Q

Hoarseness, strider usually lasts __ in croup

A

3-5 days

56
Q

Commonly Develops as a result of a viral infection, parainfluenza virus

A

Croup

57
Q

Epiglottis is caused by

A

Bacteria

58
Q

Acute onset of high grade fever, sore throat, drooling, dysphagia, possible strider

A

Epiglottis

59
Q

Most GI emergencies result from an underlying

A

Pathologic

60
Q

What pain is in Walls of hollow organs, capsules of solid organs

A

Visceral pain

61
Q

Mechanisms of producing visceral GI plan

A

Inflammation, ischemia, distension

62
Q

Dull, crampy pain, diaphoresis, tachycardia, generally progresses into somatic pain are signs of

A

Visceral GI pain

63
Q

Sharp, pinpoint feeling that tar DKA along neural routes to spinal column

A

Partietal pain

64
Q

Pain is more localized in

A

Parietal pain

65
Q

Parietal pain is commonly caused by

A

Bacteria or chemical irritations

66
Q

Appendix rupture or gallbladder, inflamed pancreas cause what kind of pain

A

Parietal

67
Q

Originating in a region other than where it’s felt, caused by neural pathways that run over various organs

A

Referred pain

68
Q

Diaphragm injury pain

A

Over necks or shoulders

69
Q

AAA pain between

A

Shoulder blades

70
Q

Appendix pain is

A

Peri umbilical

71
Q

Left side of jaw and left arm pain consistent with

A

Cardiac pain

72
Q

Localized or tearing pain results in
Dull steady and increasing pain results in
Sharp/flank resist in

A

Rupture of organ
Bowel obstruction
Kidney stone

73
Q

Abdominal pain lasting over __ is a surgical emergency

A

6 hours

74
Q

Superficial edema and bruising in subcutaneous fatty tissue around umbilicus.

A

Cullens sign

75
Q

Cullens sign can indicate

A

Ruptured ecotopic pregnancy or retroperitoneum bleeding

76
Q

Bruising to flanks, sign of pancreatic inflammation, and hemorrhage

A

Grey turners sign

77
Q

Mortality rate for upper GI bleed

A

10%

78
Q

Upper GI bleed consists of

A

Bleeding within GI tract proximal to duodenum

79
Q

Lac in esophagus post vomit

A

Mallory weiss tear

80
Q

Blood servely irritates the GI system

A

N/V

81
Q

Hematemesis is in the

A

Upper GI

82
Q

Melina is in the

A

Lower GI

83
Q

Minimum of 150 cc of blood in GI tract for at least 6-8 hours

A

Melena

84
Q

In a orthostatic hypotension test, the systolic…

A

Drops more than 10 mmHg or HR increases 20+

85
Q

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines with associates sudden onset of vomiting or diarrhea

A

Acute gastroenteritis

86
Q

Causes hemorrhage and erosion of mucus layers in GI tract

A

Acute gastroenteritis

87
Q

Care for acute gastroenteritis

A

Supportive

88
Q

Inflammation of GI marked by long term mucus change

A

Chronic gastroenteritis

89
Q

Primarily due to microbial infection near opening to small intestine

A

Chronic gastroenteritis

90
Q

Chronic gastroenteritis is far more common in

A

Undeveloped areas or those with bad hygiene (fecal oral route, infected food or water)

91
Q

What can be done in extreme cases for an ulcer

A

Vagostomy

92
Q

Pain after eating, none at night, excessive physical activity, stress acid can lead to

A

Peptic ulcer

93
Q

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder is known as

A

Ulcerative colitis

94
Q

Ulcerative colitis is common in the

A

Rectum then extends proximal

95
Q

Spread through whole colon vs. limited to rectum

A

Pancolitis, proctitis

96
Q

Ulcers into the submucosal layer, healing is replaced with granular tissue that thickens muscosa

A

Ulcerative colitis

97
Q

Presentations similar to that of a lower GI bleed, recurrent disorder, gassy pain

A

Ulcerative colitis

98
Q

Form of IBD, runs in family, occur from mouth to rectum

A

Crohn’s disease

99
Q

Crohn’s disease damages the

A

Intermost layer of tissue (mucosa)

100
Q

Traps small amounts of fecal material, lower left sided pain, colicky pain, tenderness upon palpitation

A

Diverticulitis

101
Q

Small masses of swollen veins that occur in the anus or rectum

A

Hemorrhoids

102
Q

Most hemorrhoids are __ caused from

A

Idiopathic, heavy lifting/hypertension

103
Q

Commonly bleed during defecation

A

Hemorrhoids

104
Q

Blood in hemorrhoids is

A

Bright red blood

105
Q

Blockages of hollow space or lumen within intestines

A

Bowel obstruction

106
Q

Decrease in appetite, fever, malaise, peritonitis; diffuse visceral pain are signs of

A

Bowel obstruction

107
Q

Appendicitis are most common in

A

Young adults

108
Q

McBurney’s point refers to

A

RLQ where appenidix is, 2/3 of the way from umbilical to ASIS

109
Q

In cholecystitis, the liver produces bile to

A

Lower cholesterol which can become backed up

110
Q

Cholecystitis is in

A

RUQ, with pain referred to right shoulder. Skin may be warm

111
Q

Murphy’s point associates with

A

Cholecystitis

112
Q

What can cause pancreatitis

A

Alcoholism, gallstones, thromboembolism’s one shock, infection

113
Q

Pancreatitis quadrant

A

LUQ radiating to back or epigastric region

114
Q

What to watch for with pancreatitis

A

Hypotension and shock

115
Q

Joints are responsible for

A

Bending and movement

116
Q

Major short bones

A

Hands and feet

117
Q

Connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

118
Q

Connect muscle to bone

A

Tendons

119
Q

Cartilage responsible for

A

Flexibility

emt midterm (1 decks)

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