Additional Info from PPT Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
an obligation to provide care to a patient
A
Duty to Act
2
Q
Not providing care as would be expected of an EMT in your locality. For example: performing a task improperly.
A
Failure to Meet the Standard of Care
3
Q
Air can leak around a
A
stoma
4
Q
Crackles, rhochi, wheezing
A
lower airway
5
Q
Stridor, snoring
A
upper airway
6
Q
the individual is lying on their side
A
lateral recumbent
7
Q
Marfan syndrome leads to
A
AAA
8
Q
Breathing stops and starts while sleeping
A
Sleep apnea
9
Q
Narrowest part of an adult airway
A
Glottic opening
10
Q
Narrowest part in child airway
A
cricoid cartilage
11
Q
What nerve can you stimulate during suction and placement of advanced airways
A
Vagus
12
Q
What are these symptoms a sign of….
dyspnea, SOB, decreasing minute volume, diaphoresis, cannot speak full symptoms, pain with breathing, accessory muscle use, anxiety
A
Airway compromise
13
Q
Respiratory patient assessment: breathing tidal volume should be between…
A
5-7 mL/kg
14
Q
Uses light to measure oxygen in peripheral blood (capillary beds)
A
Pulse oximetry
15
Q
What kind of patients are used to a low normal pulse oximetry?
A
Emphysema
16
Q
Produced during cellular respiration and excreted through exhalation
A
CO2
17
Q
Most abdominal organs are
A
hollow
18
Q
Airway protection position of comfort
A
LLR
19
Q
Normal ETCO2 monitor
A
35-45 mmHg
20
Q
continuous monitoring of CO2 respiratory gases
A
capnography
21
Q
Early recognition of CO2 levels…
A
hypoventilation, apnea, or airway obstruction
22
Q
Attempt to maintain a minimum of — in CO2 capnograms…
A
10 mmhg
23
Q
Bronchospasms occur in
A
COPD, asthma
24
Q
Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
A
preload
25
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
afterload
26
Afterload is increased in
hypertension and vasoconsttriction
27
preload is increased in
hypervolemia, heart failure
28
Hypertension is....
compensating
29
hypotension is
decompensating
30
ASA is an
antiplatlete
31
take the load off of the heart...
reduce the preload
32
Non-enteric coated
aspirin
33
Do not use nitro with
hypotension
34
Do not directly examine the __ with the ECG
Right ventricle
35
No conduction and no pump activity
Asystole
36
Quivering ventricles, irregular, minimal to no perfusion (output)
V fib
37
Verify carotid pulsel monomorphic or polymorphic
V tach
38
Over ventilation with cardiac resuscitation leads to
Regurgitation and aspirin
39
Ventilate adult cpr once every
6-8 seconds
40
With cardio cerebral resuscitation, continuous compressions with a
NRB at 15 lpm
41
Ventilation once every 6-8 seconds after
Advances airway placement
42
Neonates compression includes
3 compressions to 1 ventilation
43
MCMAID with what kind of resuscitation
Cardio cerebral
44
ROSC indications
```
Improves mental status
Palpable carotid pulse at rhythm check intervals
Agonal gasps
End tidal co2 jump
Obtain a 12 lead
```
45
How many cranial nerves
12
46
Means wandering, runs brainstem to colon
Vagus
47
Behind ear, respiratory tract and most of GI, stimulates muscle in upper respiratory tract, heart (Bradycardia)
Motor vagus nerve
48
Exposure to extreme heat, stress, straining bowel movements, standing for a long time, holding breath
Vasovagal syncope
49
Fainting lightheaded, tunnel vision, cool and clammy, hypotension, bradycardia
Parasympathetic response
50
Check orthostatic vitals with
Vagus nerve
51
Phrenic nerve originates in the
Cervical C3-C5 and into thoracic
52
keeps the diaphragm alive
C3,4,5
53
Phrenic nerve can cause
Diaphragmatic paralysis, mechanical trauma, compression, paradoxical motion
54
Acute form of laryngotracheobronchitis
Croup
55
Hoarseness, strider usually lasts __ in croup
3-5 days
56
Commonly Develops as a result of a viral infection, parainfluenza virus
Croup
57
Epiglottis is caused by
Bacteria
58
Acute onset of high grade fever, sore throat, drooling, dysphagia, possible strider
Epiglottis
59
Most GI emergencies result from an underlying
Pathologic
60
What pain is in Walls of hollow organs, capsules of solid organs
Visceral pain
61
Mechanisms of producing visceral GI plan
Inflammation, ischemia, distension
62
Dull, crampy pain, diaphoresis, tachycardia, generally progresses into somatic pain are signs of
Visceral GI pain
63
Sharp, pinpoint feeling that tar DKA along neural routes to spinal column
Partietal pain
64
Pain is more localized in
Parietal pain
65
Parietal pain is commonly caused by
Bacteria or chemical irritations
66
Appendix rupture or gallbladder, inflamed pancreas cause what kind of pain
Parietal
67
Originating in a region other than where it’s felt, caused by neural pathways that run over various organs
Referred pain
68
Diaphragm injury pain
Over necks or shoulders
69
AAA pain between
Shoulder blades
70
Appendix pain is
Peri umbilical
71
Left side of jaw and left arm pain consistent with
Cardiac pain
72
Localized or tearing pain results in
Dull steady and increasing pain results in
Sharp/flank resist in
Rupture of organ
Bowel obstruction
Kidney stone
73
Abdominal pain lasting over __ is a surgical emergency
6 hours
74
Superficial edema and bruising in subcutaneous fatty tissue around umbilicus.
Cullens sign
75
Cullens sign can indicate
Ruptured ecotopic pregnancy or retroperitoneum bleeding
76
Bruising to flanks, sign of pancreatic inflammation, and hemorrhage
Grey turners sign
77
Mortality rate for upper GI bleed
10%
78
Upper GI bleed consists of
Bleeding within GI tract proximal to duodenum
79
Lac in esophagus post vomit
Mallory weiss tear
80
Blood servely irritates the GI system
N/V
81
Hematemesis is in the
Upper GI
82
Melina is in the
Lower GI
83
Minimum of 150 cc of blood in GI tract for at least 6-8 hours
Melena
84
In a orthostatic hypotension test, the systolic…
Drops more than 10 mmHg or HR increases 20+
85
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines with associates sudden onset of vomiting or diarrhea
Acute gastroenteritis
86
Causes hemorrhage and erosion of mucus layers in GI tract
Acute gastroenteritis
87
Care for acute gastroenteritis
Supportive
88
Inflammation of GI marked by long term mucus change
Chronic gastroenteritis
89
Primarily due to microbial infection near opening to small intestine
Chronic gastroenteritis
90
Chronic gastroenteritis is far more common in
Undeveloped areas or those with bad hygiene (fecal oral route, infected food or water)
91
What can be done in extreme cases for an ulcer
Vagostomy
92
Pain after eating, none at night, excessive physical activity, stress acid can lead to
Peptic ulcer
93
Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder is known as
Ulcerative colitis
94
Ulcerative colitis is common in the
Rectum then extends proximal
95
Spread through whole colon vs. limited to rectum
Pancolitis, proctitis
96
Ulcers into the submucosal layer, healing is replaced with granular tissue that thickens muscosa
Ulcerative colitis
97
Presentations similar to that of a lower GI bleed, recurrent disorder, gassy pain
Ulcerative colitis
98
Form of IBD, runs in family, occur from mouth to rectum
Crohn’s disease
99
Crohn’s disease damages the
Intermost layer of tissue (mucosa)
100
Traps small amounts of fecal material, lower left sided pain, colicky pain, tenderness upon palpitation
Diverticulitis
101
Small masses of swollen veins that occur in the anus or rectum
Hemorrhoids
102
Most hemorrhoids are __ caused from
Idiopathic, heavy lifting/hypertension
103
Commonly bleed during defecation
Hemorrhoids
104
Blood in hemorrhoids is
Bright red blood
105
Blockages of hollow space or lumen within intestines
Bowel obstruction
106
Decrease in appetite, fever, malaise, peritonitis; diffuse visceral pain are signs of
Bowel obstruction
107
Appendicitis are most common in
Young adults
108
McBurney’s point refers to
RLQ where appenidix is, 2/3 of the way from umbilical to ASIS
109
In cholecystitis, the liver produces bile to
Lower cholesterol which can become backed up
110
Cholecystitis is in
RUQ, with pain referred to right shoulder. Skin may be warm
111
Murphy’s point associates with
Cholecystitis
112
What can cause pancreatitis
Alcoholism, gallstones, thromboembolism’s one shock, infection
113
Pancreatitis quadrant
LUQ radiating to back or epigastric region
114
What to watch for with pancreatitis
Hypotension and shock
115
Joints are responsible for
Bending and movement
116
Major short bones
Hands and feet
117
Connect bone to bone
Ligaments
118
Connect muscle to bone
Tendons
119
Cartilage responsible for
Flexibility
