Additional MCQs for revision

Question 1

Match the following ligands and receptors:

atropine

Answer 1

cardiac acetylcholine receptors

Question 2

Match the following ligands and receptors:

nicotine

Answer 2

ganglionic acetylcholine receptors

Question 3

Match the following ligands and receptors:

noradrenaline

Answer 3

alpha adrenoceptors

Question 4

Match the following ligands and receptors:

isoprenaline

Answer 4

beta2 adrenoceptors

Question 5

Match the following ligands and receptors:

trimetaphan

Answer 5

ganglion blocker

Question 6

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases cAMP?

Answer 6

adrenaline

Question 7

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases IP3?

Answer 7

noradrenaline

Question 8

Which hormone/neurotransmitter increases cGMP?

Answer 8

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 9

Which hormone/neurotransmitter decreases cAMP?

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

Which hormone/neurotransmitter alters gene expression?

Answer 10

aldosterone

Question 11

Smooth muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Smooth muscle cells have a well-defined t-tubule system.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Sarcomeres are poorly developed in smooth muscle.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Troponin C binds calcium and initiates cross bridge cycling.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Smooth muscle cells in blood vessels are usually innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is the typical concentration of plasma glucose (fasting)?

Answer 16

4mM

Question 17

What is the typical concentration of plasma bicarbonate?

Answer 17

25mM

Question 18

Normal plasma osmolarity is

Answer 18

290mOsm

Question 19

Normal blood pH (arterial) is

Answer 19

7.4

Question 20

If the extracellular potassium concentration is doubled, what happens to the resting
nerve cell membrane potential?

Answer 20

depolarised

Question 21

Action potential conduction velocity in the largest myelinated nerve fibre is

Answer 21

120 m/s

Question 22

Myelination increases conduction velocity because it

Answer 22

permits saltatory conduction

Question 23

Select one drug that can block voltage-gated Na+ channels

Answer 23

lidocaine

Question 24

The sequence of nerve block by local anaesthetics is

Answer 24

pain first, then general sensory, then motor last

Question 25

A clinical use of a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker is

Answer 25

antidysrhythmic

Question 26

Determine the glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) using any of the following values you require: inulin appearing in the urine 450mg/min renal plasma flow 500ml/min hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus 45mmHg hydrostatic pressure within the Bowman's capsule 4mmHg plasma inulin concentration 3.0mg/ml

Answer 26

150 ml/min

Question 27

Individual nephrons can control their own glomerular filtration rate (autoregulation) through a process called tubulo-glomerular feedback. The cells that sense the composition of the tubular feedback are

Answer 27

macula densa cells

Question 28

Identify a mechanism or drug that would increase glomerular filtration rate

Answer 28

efferent arteriole vasoconstriction

Question 29

Hypoproteinemia will cause glomerular filtration rate to

Answer 29

Hypoproteinemia will cause glomerular filtration rate to

Question 30

This change in glomerular filtration rate is because of

Answer 30

the fall in plasma oncotic pressure

Question 31

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location. H+/K+ ATPase of parietal (oxyntic) cells

Answer 31

Canaliculi

Question 32

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location. Cytochrome C

Answer 32

Mitochondrion

Question 33

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location. Voltage-gated calcium channel

Answer 33

Plasma membrane

Question 34

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location. Myosin

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

Match the following cellular components with their principal cellular location. Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 35

Extracellular space

Question 36

The region where sodium and chloride reabsorption is the largest

Answer 36

Proximal tubule

Question 37

Where most glucose is reabsorbed

Answer 37

Proximal tubule

Question 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Answer 38

Distal/Collecting tubule

Question 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Answer 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Question 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Answer 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Question 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Answer 38

Where aldosterone mainly acts

Question 39

The main site of action of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 39

Distal/Collecting tubule

Question 40

The main site of action of ADH

Answer 40

Collecting Duct

Question 41

CO2 is transported from tissues to the lungs in the blood mainly as

Answer 41

bicarbonate anions

Question 42

The O2 binding affinity of Hb (haemoglobin) in the red blood cell is reduced by

Answer 42

low pH

Question 43

The process wherein the O2 binding affinity of HB in the red blood cells is reduced by low pH is called the

Answer 43

Bohr effect

Question 44

Arterial pO2 is

Answer 44

100mmHg (13 kPa)

Question 45

Arterial pCO2 is

Answer 45

40mmHg (5 kPa)

Question 46

The rapid upstroke is due to

Answer 46

voltage-gated Na+ channels

Question 47

The plateau is due to

Answer 47

voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels

Question 48

Hyperpolarization is due to

Answer 48

voltage-gated K+ channels

Question 49

In an ECG, ventricular repolarization corresponds to

Answer 49

T wave

Question 50

Action potential duration is approximately

Answer 50

300ms