Additional Questions 3 Flashcards
1
Q
In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (TtPp x TtPp)?
A) 9:3:3:1
B) 3:1
C) 1:2:1
D) 1:1:1:1
A
A) 9:3:3:1|The dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (TtPp x TtPp) results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, where 9 are dominant for both traits, 3 are dominant for one trait and recessive for the other, 3 are recessive for one trait and dominant for the other, and 1 is recessive for both traits.
2
Q
- Which of the following is an example of non-Mendelian inheritance?
A) Autosomal dominant inheritance
B) Codominance
C) X-linked recessive inheritance
D) Y-linked inheritance
A
B) Codominance|Codominance is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, such as in the case of blood type AB.
3
Q
- What is the primary function of the Barr body in female mammals?
A) To inactivate one of the X chromosomes
B) To activate both X chromosomes
C) To regulate gene expression on autosomes
D) To prevent DNA replication errors
A
A) To inactivate one of the X chromosomes|The Barr body is an inactivated X chromosome in female mammals, which ensures dosage compensation between males (XY) and females (XX).
4
Q
- Which of the following techniques is used to detect submicroscopic deletions in chromosomes?
A) Karyotyping
B) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
C) G-banding
D) Q-banding
A
B) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)|FISH is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, making it useful for identifying submicroscopic deletions.
5
Q
- What is the primary structure of DNA?
A) Double helix
B) Single-stranded RNA
C) Triple helix
D) Quadruple helix
A
A) Double helix|The primary structure of DNA is a double helix, as described by Watson and Crick, consisting of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
6
Q
- Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A) Adenine
B) Thymine
C) Uracil
D) Cytosine
A
C) Uracil|Uracil is found in RNA, where it replaces thymine, which is found in DNA.
7
Q
- What is the role of histones in eukaryotic DNA?
A) To catalyze DNA replication
B) To package DNA into nucleosomes
C) To repair damaged DNA
D) To transcribe RNA
A
B) To package DNA into nucleosomes|Histones are proteins that help package DNA into nucleosomes, which are the fundamental units of chromatin structure.
8
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic genomes?
A) Presence of introns
B) High proportion of non-coding DNA
C) Polycistronic operons
D) Linear chromosomes
A
C) Polycistronic operons|Prokaryotic genomes often contain polycistronic operons, where multiple genes are transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule.
9
Q
- During DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase III?
A) To remove RNA primers
B) To synthesize the leading strand
C) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
D) To unwind the DNA double helix
A
B) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
10
Q
- What is the consequence of a mutation in the DNA mismatch repair system?
A) Increased DNA replication speed
B) Decreased mutation rate
C) Increased mutation rate
D) Enhanced DNA repair efficiency
A
C) Increased mutation rate|A mutation in the DNA mismatch repair system leads to an increased mutation rate because errors during DNA replication are not corrected efficiently.
11
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a sex-limited gene?
A) A gene for beard growth in males
B) A gene for eye color
C) A gene for blood type
D) A gene for height
A
A) A gene for beard growth in males|Sex-limited genes are genes that are expressed in only one sex, such as genes responsible for beard growth in males.
12
Q
- What is the primary function of telomerase?
A) To repair double-strand breaks
B) To add repetitive sequences to the ends of chromosomes
C) To remove RNA primers
D) To unwind DNA during replication
A
B) To add repetitive sequences to the ends of chromosomes|Telomerase adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, preventing the loss of genetic information during DNA replication.
13
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic of Z-DNA?|A) Right-handed helix|B) Left-handed helix|C) Found in high water concentrations|D) Contains uracil instead of thymine
A
B) Left-handed helix|Z-DNA is a left-handed helical form of DNA that occurs under certain conditions, such as high salt concentrations.
14
Q
- What is the primary function of the lac operon in E. coli?|A) To regulate lactose metabolism|B) To control DNA replication|C) To repair damaged DNA|D) To synthesize histones
A
A) To regulate lactose metabolism|The lac operon in E. coli regulates the metabolism of lactose by controlling the expression of genes involved in lactose breakdown.
15
Q
- Which of the following is a key feature of the human genome?|A) High proportion of coding DNA|B) Presence of introns|C) Lack of repetitive sequences|D) Small genome size
A
B) Presence of introns|The human genome contains a significant proportion of introns, which are non-coding sequences within genes.
16
Q
- What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To synthesize RNA primers|C) To join Okazaki fragments|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A
C) To join Okazaki fragments|DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication by forming phosphodiester bonds.
17
Q
- Which of the following is a common cause of DNA damage?|A) UV radiation|B) Low temperature|C) High pH|D) Lack of oxygen
A
A) UV radiation|UV radiation is a common cause of DNA damage, leading to the formation of thymine dimers and other lesions.
18
Q
- What is the primary function of the enzyme topoisomerase II?|A) To unwind DNA|B) To introduce supercoils|C) To repair DNA damage|D) To synthesize RNA
A
B) To introduce supercoils|Topoisomerase II introduces supercoils into DNA by cutting both strands of the DNA helix and passing another segment through the break.
19
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondrial DNA?|A) It is linear|B) It is inherited maternally|C) It contains introns|D) It is highly repetitive
A
B) It is inherited maternally|Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally and is circular, unlike nuclear DNA, which is inherited from both parents.
20
Q
- What is the primary function of the enzyme helicase during DNA replication?|A) To synthesize RNA primers|B) To unwind the DNA double helix|C) To join Okazaki fragments|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A
B) To unwind the DNA double helix|Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork, allowing DNA polymerase to access the single-stranded DNA template.
21
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a Mendelian disorder?|A) Huntington’s disease|B) Down syndrome|C) Klinefelter syndrome|D) Turner syndrome
A
A) Huntington’s disease|Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, which follows Mendelian inheritance patterns.
22
Q
- What is the primary function of the enzyme primase during DNA replication?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To synthesize RNA primers|C) To join Okazaki fragments|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A
B) To synthesize RNA primers|Primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.
23
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic of the human Y chromosome?|A) It contains the SRY gene|B) It is larger than the X chromosome|C) It contains more genes than the X chromosome|D) It is inherited from both parents
A
A) It contains the SRY gene|The Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which is responsible for male sex determination.
24
Q
- What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
25
25. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human X chromosome?|A) It is smaller than the Y chromosome|B) It contains the SRY gene|C) It is involved in dosage compensation|D) It is inherited only from the father
C) It is involved in dosage compensation|The X chromosome is involved in dosage compensation, where one of the X chromosomes in females is inactivated to balance gene expression between males and females.
26
26. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA gyrase?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To introduce negative supercoils|C) To synthesize RNA primers|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To introduce negative supercoils|DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into DNA, which helps relieve the torsional stress caused by unwinding during DNA replication.
27
27. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human mitochondrial genome?|A) It is linear|B) It is inherited paternally|C) It contains 37 genes|D) It is highly repetitive
C) It contains 37 genes|The human mitochondrial genome is circular and contains 37 genes, which are involved in energy production and other mitochondrial functions.
28
28. What is the primary function of the enzyme exonuclease during DNA replication?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To remove mismatched nucleotides|C) To synthesize RNA primers|D) To join Okazaki fragments
B) To remove mismatched nucleotides|Exonuclease removes mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication, contributing to the proofreading function of DNA polymerase.
29
29. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes|B) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
A) It contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes|The human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes, with a large proportion of non-coding DNA.
30
30. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
31
31. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences|The human genome contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences, including transposable elements and tandem repeats.
32
32. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
33
33. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of introns|C) It lacks repetitive sequences|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of introns|The human genome contains a high proportion of introns, which are non-coding sequences within genes.
34
34. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase V?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase V is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
35
35. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of transposable elements|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of transposable elements|The human genome contains a high proportion of transposable elements, which can move within the genome and contribute to genetic variation.
36
36. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
37
37. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes|The human genome contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes, which play regulatory roles in gene expression.
38
38. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
39
39. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|The human genome contains a high proportion of pseudogenes, which are non-functional copies of genes that have lost their original function.
40
40. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
41
41. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|The human genome contains a high proportion of segmental duplications, which are large blocks of DNA that have been duplicated and inserted elsewhere in the genome.
42
42. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
43
43. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|The human genome contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats, which are short, repetitive DNA sequences.
44
44. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase V?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase V is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
45
45. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
46
46. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
47
47. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
48
48. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
49
1. In a pedigree analysis, what does a square symbol typically represent?|A) Female|B) Male|C) Affected individual|D) Carrier
B) Male|In pedigree analysis, a square symbol typically represents a male individual, while a circle represents a female.
50
2. Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?|A) Blood type AB|B) Pink flowers from red and white parents|C) Huntington's disease|D) Cystic fibrosis
B) Pink flowers from red and white parents|Incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes, such as pink flowers resulting from red and white flowered parents.
51
3. What is the primary function of the enzyme reverse transcriptase?|A) To synthesize DNA from RNA|B) To synthesize RNA from DNA|C) To repair DNA damage|D) To unwind DNA during replication
A) To synthesize DNA from RNA|Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template, a process essential for retroviruses like HIV.
52
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human mitochondrial genome?|A) It is inherited paternally|B) It contains introns|C) It is circular|D) It is larger than the nuclear genome
C) It is circular|The human mitochondrial genome is circular and is inherited maternally, unlike the linear nuclear genome.
53
5. What is the primary function of the enzyme ligase in DNA repair?|A) To unwind DNA|B) To synthesize RNA primers|C) To join DNA fragments|D) To proofread DNA
C) To join DNA fragments|DNA ligase joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds, which is crucial in DNA repair and replication.
54
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It contains approximately 3 billion base pairs|B) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
A) It contains approximately 3 billion base pairs|The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs, with a significant proportion being non-coding DNA.
55
7. What is the primary function of the enzyme helicase during DNA replication?|A) To synthesize RNA primers|B) To unwind the DNA double helix|C) To join Okazaki fragments|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To unwind the DNA double helix|Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork, allowing DNA polymerase to access the single-stranded DNA template.
56
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human Y chromosome?|A) It contains the SRY gene|B) It is larger than the X chromosome|C) It contains more genes than the X chromosome|D) It is inherited from both parents
A) It contains the SRY gene|The Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which is responsible for male sex determination.
57
9. What is the primary function of the enzyme primase during DNA replication?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To synthesize RNA primers|C) To join Okazaki fragments|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To synthesize RNA primers|Primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.
58
10. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human X chromosome?|A) It is smaller than the Y chromosome|B) It contains the SRY gene|C) It is involved in dosage compensation|D) It is inherited only from the father
C) It is involved in dosage compensation|The X chromosome is involved in dosage compensation, where one of the X chromosomes in females is inactivated to balance gene expression between males and females.
59
11. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA gyrase?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To introduce negative supercoils|C) To synthesize RNA primers|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To introduce negative supercoils|DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into DNA, which helps relieve the torsional stress caused by unwinding during DNA replication.
60
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human mitochondrial genome?|A) It is linear|B) It is inherited paternally|C) It contains 37 genes|D) It is highly repetitive
C) It contains 37 genes|The human mitochondrial genome is circular and contains 37 genes, which are involved in energy production and other mitochondrial functions.
61
13. What is the primary function of the enzyme exonuclease during DNA replication?|A) To unwind the DNA double helix|B) To remove mismatched nucleotides|C) To synthesize RNA primers|D) To join Okazaki fragments
B) To remove mismatched nucleotides|Exonuclease removes mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication, contributing to the proofreading function of DNA polymerase.
62
14. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes|B) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
A) It contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes|The human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes, with a large proportion of non-coding DNA.
63
15. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
64
16. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences|The human genome contains a high proportion of repetitive sequences, including transposable elements and tandem repeats.
65
17. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
66
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of introns|C) It lacks repetitive sequences|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of introns|The human genome contains a high proportion of introns, which are non-coding sequences within genes.
67
19. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase V?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase V is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
68
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of transposable elements|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of transposable elements|The human genome contains a high proportion of transposable elements, which can move within the genome and contribute to genetic variation.
69
21. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
70
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes|The human genome contains a high proportion of non-coding RNA genes, which play regulatory roles in gene expression.
71
23. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
72
24. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|The human genome contains a high proportion of pseudogenes, which are non-functional copies of genes that have lost their original function.
73
25. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
74
26. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|The human genome contains a high proportion of segmental duplications, which are large blocks of DNA that have been duplicated and inserted elsewhere in the genome.
75
27. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
76
28. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|The human genome contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats, which are short, repetitive DNA sequences.
77
29. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase V?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase V is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
78
30. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
79
31. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
80
32. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
81
33. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
82
34. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|The human genome contains a high proportion of pseudogenes, which are non-functional copies of genes that have lost their original function.
83
35. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
84
36. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|The human genome contains a high proportion of segmental duplications, which are large blocks of DNA that have been duplicated and inserted elsewhere in the genome.
85
37. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
86
38. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|The human genome contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats, which are short, repetitive DNA sequences.
87
39. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase V?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase V is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
88
40. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
89
41. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
A) To synthesize the leading strand|DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.
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42. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)|The human genome contains a high proportion of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), which are a type of transposable element.
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43. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA|DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication.
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44. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of pseudogenes|The human genome contains a high proportion of pseudogenes, which are non-functional copies of genes that have lost their original function.
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45. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase II?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase II is primarily involved in DNA repair processes, rather than DNA replication.
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46. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
B) It contains a high proportion of segmental duplications|The human genome contains a high proportion of segmental duplications, which are large blocks of DNA that have been duplicated and inserted elsewhere in the genome.
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47. What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase IV?|A) To synthesize the leading strand|B) To repair damaged DNA|C) To unwind the DNA double helix|D) To proofread the newly synthesized DNA
B) To repair damaged DNA|DNA polymerase IV is involved in DNA repair processes, particularly in response to DNA damage.
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48. Which of the following is a characteristic of the human genome?|A) It is mostly composed of coding DNA|B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|C) It lacks introns|D) It is smaller than the E. coli genome
"B) It contains a high proportion of simple sequence repeats|
