ADHD Flashcards
What are the 9 inattentive symptoms of ADHD?
- Making careless mistakes, poor attention to detail
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Does not seem to listen
- Does not follow instructions, can’t finish work
- Dislikes engaging in tasks requiring attention/effort
- Difficulty organizing tasks
- Loses items
- Easily distracted
- Forgetful in daily activities
What are the 9 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of AHD?
Hyperactive
- Fidgets
- Restless
- Leaves seat inappropriately
- Runs/climbs inappropriately
- Unable to engage quietly in activities
Impulsive
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers
- Difficulty waiting turn
- Often interrupts/intrudes on others
How many symptoms do they need to have to meet criteria?
In children, 6/9 of either inattentive or hyperactive symptoms
In >17 y.o., 5/9 of either inattentive or hyperactive symptoms
Prior to what age should the symptoms have been present?
12 years old
What are the 3 presentations of ADHD?
- Combined presentation
- Predominantly inattentive presentation
- Predominantly hyperactive presentation
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
5-10% of children,
3-5% of adults
According to CADDRA
What is the M:F ratio of ADHD?
2:1
What is the heritability of ADHD?
75%
If parents have ADHD, there is a 50% chance that children will have ADHD
What are the genetic disorders that are associated with ADHD?
22q11.2 deletion Tuberous sclerosis Smith Magenis Fragile X Prader Willi
What are the genes involved in ADHD?
DRD4 (dopamine 4, 5 receptors)
DAT (dopamine transporter)
What are neuroanatomical changes associated with ADHD?
- Decreased brain volume, both cortical (prefrontal cortex, cerebellum) and subcortical areas (basal ganglia, thalamus)
- Delayed brain maturation (2-5 years)
- Evidence of decreased brain activity (decreased striatal perfusion, reduced glucose metabolism)
