ADHD Hays

Question 1

ADHD

Answer 1

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that may affect

about 7%–8% of children and 2.5% of adults

Question 2

ADHD symptoms

Answer 2

triad of symptoms:
impulsivity
inattention
hyperactivity

Question 3

ADHD subtypes

Answer 3

hyperactive-impulsive
inattentive
combined

Question 4

The majority of children with ADHD

Answer 4

have a combined type with symptoms of inattention as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 5

Girls

Answer 5

have a higher prevalence of the inattentive subtype

Question 6

Boys

Answer 6

have a higher prevalence of the hyperactive subtype

Question 7

Symptoms

Answer 7

Although symptoms begin in early childhood, they can diminish between ages 10 and 25 years

Question 8

hyperactivity

Answer 8

declines quickly

Question 9

impulsivity and inattentiveness

Answer 9

often persist into adolescence and adulthood

Question 10

ADHD may be combined with

Answer 10

mood disorder in approximately 20% of patients,

conduct disorders in 20%,

oppositional defiant disorder in up to 40%.

Up to 25% of children with ADHD seen in a referral clinic have tics or Tourette syndrome. Conversely, well over 50% of individuals with Tourette syndrome also have ADHD.

Question 11

ADHD Medications

Answer 11

Stimulant medications (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine) are available in short and long-acting preparations and in tablet, capsule, liquid, and
dermal patch forms.

rapidly acting

Question 12

Alternative medications for the treatment of

ADHD

Answer 12

extended release guanfacine

atomoxitine - non-stimulant, takes 2-4 weeks for effect

Question 13

Stimulants

Answer 13

enhance both dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission

Question 14

side effects of methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine

Answer 14

appetite suppression and resulting weight loss, as well as sleep disturbances

Question 15

Stimulants may exacerbate

Answer 15

psychotic symptoms

motor tics

Question 16

Cardiovascular effects of stimulant medications

Answer 16

do not appear to increase the risk of sudden death over the risk in the general population, especially in children without any underlying risk

Question 17

before stimulant medications is prescribed

Answer 17

history of syncope, palpitations, chest pain, and
family history of sudden death prior to age 30 that may predispose a
child to sudden death

Question 18

Stimulant products and atomoxetine

Answer 18

should generally not be used in patients with serious heart problems or in those for whom an increase in BP or HR would be problematic

Question 19

The FDA has recommended that patients treated with

ADHD medications

Answer 19

should be monitored for changes in HR or BP.

Question 20

ADHD comorbid disorders

Answer 20

anxiety, sleep disorders, and learning disabilities

Question 21

ADHD - neurologic disorder

Answer 21

makes the symptoms difficult for the child to control

Question 22

behavior modification techniques

Answer 22

should include structure with consistency in

daily routine, positive reinforcement whenever possible, and timeout for negative behaviors

Question 23

individual counseling is beneficial

Answer 23

in alleviating poor self-esteem, oppositional behavior, and conduct problems

Question 24

Stimulant medications

Answer 24

Seventy to 90% of children with normal intellectual abilities respond well to stimulant medications

Question 25

Which of the following drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not classified as an amphetamine/stimulant? A) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin XR) B) Mixed salts of amphetamine (Adderall) C) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) D) Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Answer 25

D) Atomoxetine (Strattera) Atomoxetine (Strattera) Strattera is classified as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is not a stimulant or an amphetamine. Strattera is contraindicated during/within 14 days of taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or a heart disorder that will worsen with increases in blood pressure or heart rate, or in those with pheochromocytoma. Children and teenagers should be monitored for suicidal thoughts/plans.