Adjectives, Ser & Estar

Question 1

How are comparatives set up?

Answer 1

Más/menos + adjective/adverb + que. The adjective/adverb must agree with the noun.
When used with a number, más + menos are followed by de instead.

Question 2

What are 4 irregular comparatives?

Answer 2

Bueno (Good) - Mejor (Better)
Malo (Bad) - Peor (Worse)
Grande (Big) - Mayor (Older) Más grande = bigger.
Pequeño (Small) - Menor (Younger) Más pequeño = smaller.

Question 3

When the comparison is of quantity with a clause containing a noun/pronoun, what are the rules?

Answer 3

Más/menos + de que/de la que/de los que/de las que. If there is no noun/pronoun to compare, use de lo que.

Question 4

How might we indicate equality (as…as)?
How could we say as much/many as?
What is used with a clause of result (so adjective that outcome)?

Answer 4

Tan + adjective/adverb + como. Agrees with noun.
Tanto(s)/tanta(s) + noun + como.
Tan(to)..que (So ___ that outcome)

Question 5

How are superlatives set up?

Answer 5

El/la noun + más/menos + adjective + del/de la clase. The definite article is not repeated.

Question 6

What are the irregular superlatives?

Answer 6

El(los)/la(s) mayor(es) - Biggest/eldest
El(los)/la(s) menor(es) - Youngest
El(los)/la(s) mejor(es) - Best
El(los)/la(s) peor(es) - Worst

Question 7

How do you form the superlative of adverbs?

Answer 7

Más/menos without definite article.

Question 8

What would you add to an adjective to mean very/extremely? How would you make this an adverb?

Answer 8

-ísimo/ísima. Add -mente.

Question 9

When might you use ser?

Answer 9

Identity/profession, time/date, possession, fact + with infinitive, place of origin, nationality, religious + political affiliations, material something is made of, relationship.

Question 10

When might you use estar?

Answer 10

Location, temporary states, present continuous, state resulting from action, health, mood, ongoing activities, condition (e.g. dead) + certain phrases: ¿Cuánto está?, dates + Estar por/para.

Question 11

Which adjectives sometimes change depending on whether they’re used with ser or estar?

Answer 11

Ser (estar) aburrido - To be boring (Bored)
Ser (estar) listo - To be clever (Ready)
Ser (estar) abierto - To be outgoing (Open)
Ser (estar) bueno - To be a good person (Tasty/look/feel good)
Ser (estar) claro - To be obvious (Clear)
Ser (estar) grave - To be serious (Gravely ill)
Ser (estar) moreno - To be dark skinned (Tanned)
Ser (estar) rico - To be rich (Tasty/look/feel good)
Ser (estar) seguro - To be safe (Certain)
Ser (estar) verde - To be green (Unripe)
Ser (estar) viejo - To be old (look/feel old)
Ser (estar) vivo - To be sharp/lively/vivid/intense (alive)
Ser (estar) maduro - To be mature (ripe)
Ser (estar) loco - To be insane (silly)
Ser (estar) considerado - To be considerate towards others (is considered to be)
Ser (estar) malo - To be a bad person (tastes bad/bad quality)