adjunct medication for pain

Question 1

anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant

Answer 1

benzodiazepine

potentiates GABA
(not analgesics, only calm and sedate patient)

Question 2

antidepressants

Answer 2

amitriptyline (class of TCA)
- half of pt w TMJ probs who failed all tx responded well

increase CNS serotonin (5-HT) and NE levles by blocking reuptake-1 transporters at pre-synaptic membrane

CNS sedation
anticholinergic effects
tachycardia, arrhythmia, postural hypotension

Question 3

pain modulation pathways

Answer 3

• peripheral nociceptor
• enkephalin interneurons
• descending systems

Question 4

anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer

Answer 4

CARBAMAZEPINE
phenytoin

decreases membrane excitability, Na+ ion block