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ADL Exam 1 Review Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

APTA

A

American Physical Therapy Association

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2
Q

POC

A

Plan of Care

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3
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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4
Q

Tasks a PTA CANNOT do

A

evaluate or re-evaluate, diagnose, or discharge a patient change the POC

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5
Q

Tasks a PTA CAN do

A

observe and measure pt status after initial eval by PT, treat within the scope of practice and POC, change/modify interventions within the POC after discussion with PT, treat patients per STATE practice act

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6
Q

What dictates what a PTA can do?

A

State Practice Act

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7
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for any successes or mistakes made by the PTA?

A

Physical Therapist

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8
Q

Factors a PT considers for decision to delegate care to the PTA

A

State Practice Act, PTA’s education and experience, payer regulations

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9
Q

What should a PTA do if he/she does not feel comfortable or competent performing a task the PT has delegated?

A

Communicate that to the PT, do not perform the task

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10
Q

How can PTA make modifications to the POC established by the PT?

A

speak to supervising PT about pt progress, if POC did not specify which modalities or exercises-can modify what is used, change weight/type/frequency of exercises
If negative changes to pt status–decrease intensity, change location of electrodes, stop exercises and monitor/notify

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11
Q

When to contact supervising PT

A

patient-not reaching goals
-has met established goals
-has a new medical status
-needs to be discharged
PTA has questions/concerns with POC
PT needs to change/update POC

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12
Q

CAPTE

A

Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education

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13
Q

HIPAA protects

A

privacy of patient’s medical records and other health information

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14
Q

HIPAA provides patient

A

access to their medical records

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15
Q

Appropriate people with whom to discuss pt care

A

Pt’s nurse, physician, and supervising PT

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16
Q

Inappropriate people/places to discuss pt care

A

neighbor, elevator, any non-private area, sister-in-law, open computer screen with pt’s record showing

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17
Q

P in SOAP note

A

Plan-intention for future sessions

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18
Q

O in SOAP note

A

objective data, information obtained through measurements and testing, interventions conducted

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19
Q

S in SOAP

A

subjective-information gained from direct conversing with patient or patient’s caregivers; includes pain rating

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20
Q

A in SOAP

A

assessment-indicate patient’s change in status as result of interventions conducted (changes in pain, ROM, strength, level of assist, etc)

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21
Q

Confirmation of patient identity

A

asking pt name, checking ID bracelet, checking medical ID number, confirmation of diagnosis

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22
Q

Number of forms of ID to check for best practice

A

2

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23
Q

Components of Informed Consent

A

education to patient of planned treatment, checked for precautions/contraindications, risks associated with treatment, benefits of treatment, time frame, costs, alternatives to treatment, allows for pt to ask questions

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24
Q

Importance of Informed Consent

A

to verify that the planned procedure is safe for the patient and to protect the provider legally

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25
Effective communication
clear/concise directions, monitor facial expressions for pt response, know pt challenges (vision, hearing, cognitive, language barriers), be aware of environment, demonstrate, ask pt to demonstrate/teach-back, touch, allow time, develop rapport, repetition enhances learning! (see Box 1-7)
26
ICF
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
27
Goal of ICF
to minimize effects of disability while maximizing pt function (ultimate goal is to assist with planning and communication across the government and other sectors, to provide common language and terms, to give an organized data structure, to serve multiple purposes
28
ICF terms
Health condition, body functions and structures, activity, participation, environmental factors, personal factors
29
helps a practitioner create clinical questions and attempt to answer or research those questions
PICO
30
PICO
Patient population involved, Intervention used, Comparative intervention, Outcome of each
31
EBRO recommendations
classification of study results and recommendations according to level of evidence; highest level is meta-analysis (systematic reviews), lowest level is expert opinion
32
Why are body mechanics important?
energy efficient, reduces stress on joints/ligaments/tendons, improves cardiac/respiratory function, encourages proper body control and balance, promotes safe movements
33
COG in adult
just anterior to S2-between symphysis pubis and umbilicus
34
Decreases work of lifting
lower COG, closer COG to object being lifted/pushed/pulled
35
increases stability
wider BOS; VGL within BOS
36
this trunk position has the greatest potential to cause damage when reaching or lifting
trunk flexion and rotation
37
Which time of day do more back injuries occur after attempting a lift
morning
38
An effective way to view a person's body to assess posture
plumb line
39
sagittal plane plumb line landmarks
bisect ear, through bodies of cervical vertebrae, midline of acromion, through bodies of lumbar vertebrae, midline of greater trochanter, just anterior to knee, just anterior to malleolus
40
frontal plane plumb line assessment
level head and shoulders, midline sternum, level ASIS, legs slightly apart, no genu valgus or varus, normal arch in ankles, feet slightly outward toeing (7 degrees is normal)
41
Where to align plumb line in sagittal postural assessment
just anterior to ankle, relaxed/normal posture
42
features of lumbar lordosis
anterior pelvic tilt, lengthened and weak rectus abdominis, lengthened and weak gluteals, tight hamstrings, flexed hips
43
features of kyphosis
forward head, hyperextended cervical spine, increased flexion of thoracic spine, tightness in pectorals and rectus abdominis,
44
types of kyphosis
round back, Gibbus or humpback, Dowager's hump
45
lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
46
the study of people's efficiency in their working environment
ergonomics
47
causes of nonstructural scoliosis
poor posture, leg length discrepancy
48
lying posture that causes least amount of disc pressure
supine
49
position used during 75% of work that creates highest intervertebral disc pressure
sitting
50
Principles of workplace ergonomics
avoid sitting/standing for prolonged periods, use cushioned mats and supportive shoes for standing, maintain normal spinal curves, take breaks, distribute weight evenly, use high-low tables/step stools/properly fitted chairs and desks
51
most vulnerable location for potential injuries with incorrect body mechanics
lumbar spine
52
holding breath against a closed airway while performing physical activity; increases blood pressure
Valsalva
53
action to take if patient suddenly complains of pain during treatment session
stop treatment, assess situation, alert supervising PT if condition changes or gets worse
54
Potential risks/adverse effects of Valsalva
Syncope, hypotension, ruptured artery
55
causes of poor posture
Muscle weakness, Body deformities, Lax ligaments, Soft tissue tightness, Abnormal muscle tone, Abnormal pelvic angles or joint positions
56
COG is shifted forward, plumb line posterior to acetabulum, hyperextension at knee joints
swayback posture
57
Head tipped up, plumb line posterior to hip, slightly hyperextended knees
Military posture
58
Deep squat lift
hips below level of knees, feet parallel to each other, straddle object to be lifted, pull object close to body, maintain normal lumbar lordosis; heavy items
59
Power lift
hips don't go below knees, feet parallel and behind object to be lifted, pull object close to body, maintain lumbar lordosis
60
Single leg stance lift (Golfer's lift)
weight shifted to one leg with hip and knee slightly flexed, other leg kicked out behind keeping knee straight, flex forward at hips, grasp- using arm opposite side of leg being kicked out; for lightweight items only
61
Stoop lift
flex at hips and knees, maintain normal lumbar lordosis, bend and lift with one upper extremity, return to standing (avoid lateral bending of spine or twisting); for items that are below waist and can be reached without squatting
62
Straight leg lift (Waiter's bow)
knees slightly flexed, lower extremities parallel to each other, maintain normal lumbar lordosis, pull object close to body; for lifting items out of trunk or back of truck
63
Normal adult resting heart rate
60-100 bpm
64
Age-predicted maximal heart rate
220-age
65
Normal adult respiratory rate
12-16 breaths per minute
66
Instrument used to assess oxygen saturation in blood; also measures pulse
pulse oximeter
67
Normal SpO2
95-100
68
blood pressure changes with age
increases as we age
69
causes of hypertension
decrease of elasticity in blood vessels, build up of plaque in arteries that narrows vessels
70
drop of 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure or drop of 10 mmHg in diastolic pressure within 2-5 minutes of standing up, or if standing causes S/S; sudden drop in blood pressure as result of position change
orthostatic hypotension
71
normal adult blood pressure
less than 120 systolic AND less than 80 diastolic
72
hypertension stage 1
systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89
73
hypertension stage 2
systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher
74
hypertensive crisis
systolic higher than 180 AND/OR diastolic higher thann 120
75
elevated blood pressure
systolic 120-129 AND diastolic less than 80
76
Factors that affect blood pressure
artery diameter/elasticity, age, exercise, positioning, emotion/stress
77
Factors that affect temperature
time of day, illness, food/fluid consumption, exercise, environment, pregnancy/menstruation
78
locations to take temperature
ear, rectal, axillary, temporal, oral
79
most accurate location for temperature reading
rectal
80
Factors that affect pain
medications, emotions, activity/exercise
81
most common way to assess pts pain
numeric pain rating scale
82
rating which indicates no pain on numeric pain rating scale
0
83
Factors that affect respiratory rate
age, body size/stature, exercise, positioning, disease processes
84
normal respiratory rate for infants
30-60 breaths/min
85
normal respiratory rate for children
18-30 breaths/min
86
difficulty breathing (shortness of breath)
dyspnea
87
pulse measurement sites
temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedal, posterior tibial
88
Factors that affect heart rate
age, sex, anxiety/stress, environmental temperature, exercise, infection, medications/disease processes
89
Abnormal heart rate responses to exercise
HR not increasing or slowly increasing with exercise, increasing more than expected with exercise, or declining with exercise; HR declining with exercise, heart rhythm or volume changing with exercise
90
Position of arm for measurement of blood pressure at brachial artery
at level of heart
91
PPE required for Measles or Tuberculosis
Airborne: N95 mask
92
PPE required for chickenpox, herpes zoster or smallpox
Airborne Plus Contact: N95 mask, gown, gloves
93
PPE required for Mumps, Group A Streptococcus, Influenza
Droplet: mask if within 3 feet, gown and gloves only if skin lesions present
94
PPE required for MRSA, VRE, C Diff, lice, Zika, Impetigo
Contact: gown, gloves, dedicated equipment in room, mask for Zika
95
when to wash hands vs using alcohol rub
wound care procedures, treating patient with highly communicable disease, hands are visibly soiled
96
protective isolation is used to
protect immunocompromised patients, protect patients whose conditions or disease causes them to be at high risk of becoming infected, protect the patient from infections carried by visitors and caregivers
97
highly infectious disease that causes severe diarrhea, especially in older adults or those with compromised immune systems and is NOT killed by alcohol rub
C Diff (Clostridium Difficile)
98
goal of Safety Data Sheets
to allow chemical users quick and easy access to informatino about the chemicals they use, especially those related to safety concerns
99
length of time to scrub during handwashing
20-30 seconds
100
What is necessary to ensure infections are not spread throughout a facility
education and gentle reminders if necessary to ALL people employed in health care setting

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