ADME Flashcards
What is pharmology?
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
What are some professional issues regarding adminstering drugs?
- Paramedics are help responsible for safe and theraputically effective drug administration
- Knowing and obeying the laws and regulation that govern medications and their administration is important
- Paramedics are personally responsible - morally, legally and ethically for each drug
Define what a drug is:
Any substance taken by the mouth, injected into a muscle, blood vessel or cavity of the body, inhaled or applied topically tp treat/prevent a disease or condition
What drug names are there?
Chemical name
generic name
trade name
Define Pharmacokinateics:
What the body does to the drug
define ADME:
Absorbtion/ adminisration - how will it get in?
Distribution - Where will it go (transporters)
Metabolism - How does it get broken down
Excretion - How does it leave the body
What are the routes for adminstration?
Enternal - Adminstered along any portion of the gastrointestinal tract (Oral, rectum, nasogastric, suglingal, buccal)
Parental - Any route other than via the alimentary canal (the whole passage along which food passess from mouth to anus). Subcutaneous, intramuscular, IV, pulmonary sublingal, transdernal (absorbed through the skin), IO, Intranasal
What is the gastrointesitinal tract?
the continuous passage from the mouth to the anus where food is digested, nutrients absorbed, and waste eliminated
What is the difference between buccal and sublingal administration?
Buccal is in the gums and sublingal is under the tongue
What is the nasogastric administration route?
Thin, flexible tube inserted through the nose and down into the stomach, used for administering medications, feeding, or removing stomach contents.
What is pulmonary sublingal adminitstration?
use of the sublingual route (under the tongue) for medication that can affect the lungs or pulmonary system.
Define bioavailibilty:
The proprotion of the drug or other substances that enters the circulation when introduced to the body
Explain distrubution of a drug:
- Only a free drug at its site of action can have an effect
- Considerable amounts of the drug may be stored in certain tissues so only a small amount of the drug will reach its site of action.
What does plasma protein building have to do with the distribution of a drug?
Inhibits distribution outside of the blood, reducing active drug concentration
What is the blood brain barrier?
= Single layer of endothelial cells that line blood vessels entering the CNS
= This permits only lipid soluable drugs to be distributed into the brain and the CSF such as general anaestheics
= Drugs that are poorly soluable have trouble passing through this barrier meaning they cannot enter the brain
Describe the volume of distribution:
Represents an individual drug propensity to either remain in the plasma or redistribute to other tissue components.
The total amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration of the drug given at the time
What is the equation of volume distribution?
Volume of distribution = amount of drug in the body(mg) / plasma concentration of drug (mg/L)
What is half life?
Half life is the time taken for the concentration of the drug in the blood to fall by half its original value
Define metaboilism in ADME:
- Broken down into several conponents.
- Before a drug can be excreted it usually has to be metabolised so that it becomes more water soluable.
Occurs mainly in the liver (kidneys and plasma)
What does phase 1 reactions involve the bio transformation of a drug to a more water soluble metabolite
