Adolescence Flashcards
(28 cards)
G. Stanley Hall
Popularised the term adolescence as a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood characterised by “vast emotional swings and opposing behaviours” in his theory of Storm and Stress.
SOCIALISATION
Learning the rules that govern social interaction, by internalising the values and norms of society.
What was ERIK ERIKSON’S Theory?
Psychosocial development theory, or Identity vs. Role Confusion
Psychosocial Development Theory
- 8 stages with crises to solve at each
- Primary motivation is social affiliation with others
- Personality keeps developing throughout life
- Identity is not a social construct, it is fashioned through intent and choice
DELAYED TRANSITIONS
Shift to adulthood delayed because: - youth are more educated - marriage comes later - fewer children are had - student debt Home provides a free base where adolescents can live, which helps with rising cost of living
Socialised Anxiety Theory
- Successful socialisation can be measured by quantity of anxiety in an environment
- More imposed anxiety/stress = closer to maturity
Adolescent Egocentrism Theory
Many key features of adolescent behaviour:
- immaturity of thought process
- underdeveloped reasoning abilities (argumentativeness)
- extreme indecisiveness
- exaggerated self-consciousness
- thrill seeking behaviour
MOST PROMINENT FEATURE IS EGOCENTRISM
Main Beliefs of Adolescent Egocentrism
“Imaginary Audience” and “Personal Fable”
IMAGINARY AUDIENCE
Belief that other people are as interested in them as they are in themselves
PERSONAL FABLE
Belief that they are special and unique, above the rules that apply to the rest of society
What was DAVID ELKIND’S theory?
Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism
Dominant Value Directions
- Teens develop lasting values in adolescence
- Begin to commit to a world view
- Teen undergoes rebirth; sees themselves as completely changed by adulthood
- Gradually accepts dominant social value
- Participates in their own growth through effort, self-control, and discipline
What was EDUARD SPRANGER’S theory?
Dominant Value Directions
What are Tweens?
- Tweens—young adolescents
- Ages 8-13
- Distinct demographic, mainly in NA, but spreading
What are characteristics of Tween-agehood?
- They are afforded more rights than younger children
- Encouraged to express their individuality at a young age
- Considered “stakeholders” in family, and influence consumer choice in the family
What caused “Tweens” to emerge as a demographic?
- Later age of pregnancy
- Marketing pressure for younger people to act and perform as adults
- More indulgent parenting style
Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks
- Accepting one’s masculine or feminine physique (?)
- Developing healthy relations with peers of all sexes
- Establishing emotional independence from one’s parents
- Working towards economic independence and preparing for an occupation
- Desiring and achieving socially responsible behaviour
- Selecting a mate and preparing for family life
What was ROBERT HAVIGHURST’S theory?
Developmental Tasks and Schema
What was JEAN PIAGET’s theory?
Cognitive Development Theory
What is the FIRST STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?
Sensorimotor, 0-2 years
What are the marks of the SENSORIMOTOR STAGE?
- ages 0-2
- Experiencing the world through their senses and related actions (hearing, seeing,
touching, mouthing)
What is the SECOND STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?
Preoperational, 2-7 years
What are the marks of the PREOPERATIONAL STAGE?
- ages 2-7
- Able to represent objects with words and images. Intuitive reasoning is stronger than logical reasoning.
What is the THIRD STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?
Concrete Operational, 8-11 years
