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PSY-160 > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Leading cause of death in adolescents? (15-19)

A

Unintentional Injuries

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2
Q

In what direction does brain develope?

A

Back to front

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3
Q

Which hormones surge during adolescence?

A

Oxytocin and dopamine

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4
Q

Does the brain grow during adolescence?

A

No, but parts of the brain changes throughout adolescence

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5
Q

Neurological changes in puberty?

A

Influx of hormones, increased interconnections/strengthening of neurons, synaptic pruning, development of limbic system, and continued myelination (which increases white matter)

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6
Q

How much sleep do adolescences need?

A

8-10 hours

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7
Q

How much sleep do adolescences get on average?

A

Less than 7 hours on weekdays and less than 8 hours on weekends

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8
Q

What are the three causes of sleep deprivation in adolescences? (according to lecture)

A

Changes in circadian rhythm, screen time, and extracurriculars

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9
Q

What are the four reasons for change in the circadian rhythm of adolescents?

A

Phase delay, later release of melatonin, body has higher tolerance for amount of time spent awake, and school times

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10
Q

Short term consequences of sleep deprivation in adolescents?

A

Poor performance of cognitive skills, emotional regulation, academic performance, social interactions, emotions recognition; as well as increased anxiety and negative affect

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11
Q

What are the long term consequences of sleep deprivation in adolescence?

A

Prefrontal cortex development is senstive to sleep deprivation.

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12
Q

Does sleep consistency play a role in adolescence development?

A

Yes, kids with varied hours of sleep had less development of white matter than kids with consistent hours of sleep

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13
Q

What advice does Glavan give to increase sleep quality?

A

Better bedding and a good pillow

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14
Q

At what ages does puberty begin? Average age for boys and girls?

A

Begins between 8-14. Boys average: 12.
Girls Average: 10.

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15
Q

How long does it take for puberty to complete?

A

4 years

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16
Q

Recent data suggests puberty is starting later or earlier? Why?

A

Puberty is starting earlier because of:
Better nutrition/ health
Obesity
Chemicals
Life style and stress
(All factors but none clear yet)

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17
Q

What is the usual amount of height and weight gained during puberty?

A

10-11 inches and 50-75 pounds

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18
Q

What type of growth do adolescents experience?

A

Distalproximal growth to the center of the body. (from extremities inwards)
[hands-arms torso] [ears, nose, lips then head]

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19
Q

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Primary: changes in reproductive organs.
Secondary: visible/ physical changes; not directly linked to reproduction but signals sexual maturity.

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20
Q

Primary Sexual Characteristics in Boys and Girls

A

Boys: Growth in testes, penis, and scrotum. Spermarche (first ejaculation of semen)[11-15 yrs]
Girls: Growth in uterus and menarche (first menstrual period)

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21
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls

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A

Boys: Broader shoulders, deeper voice, coarser and darker hair, and growth of hair in different areas.
Girls: Growth in breast tissue, broadening of hips, coarser and darker hair, and growth of hair in different areas.

22
Q

What stage of Piaget’s theory do adolescents experience?

Study These Flashcards
A

Formal Operational Stage (ages 11+)

23
Q

Characteristics Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage

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A

Better understanding of abstract principles, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, ability to understand transitivity, and relativistic thinking

24
Q

What are two primary cognitive distortions experienced in adolescence?

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A

Personal fable and imaginary audience

25
What are the consequences of the mismatch between dopamine and oxytocin (sensation seeking and lack of control) in adolescence?
Sensitivity to social rewards, Risky choices, Peer pressure, Heightened emotional reactivity/ impulsivity, Difficulty making decisions
26
What are the benefits of the mismatch between dopamine and oxytocin (sensation seeking and lack of control) in adolescence?
Novelty seeking & risk taking = positive outcomes and Seeking out novel people or situations to get different experiences can be adaptive
27
What do adolescence experience in regards to social rewards?
Adolescence become more sensitive to social rewards which leads them to value peer's opinions over family's and tie self esteem to peer acceptance.
28
Peer pressure increases [BLANK] among adolescents but not adults
Risk-taking
29
What is Sensation Seeking?
Tendency to seek out varied, complex, and intense sensations and experiences (plus the willingness to take risks to achieve them)
30
What is Risk Taking Behavior?
A pattern of unnecessarily engaging in activities or behaviors that are dangerous or highly subject to chance
31
What patterns are seen in adolescence who drink?
§ Pattern of drinking that elevates BAC to 0.08% or higher § In 2 hr timespan: 4+ drinks for women, 5+ for men* § In youth, # of drinks is even less (3 for kids, 3 – 4 for boys)
32
What are the effects of earlier alcohol consumption?
* Reductions in the size of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum * Weakens connections between brain areas that regulate emotional and cognitive functioning * Increased risk of alcohol use disorder * Social and behavioral consequences * Risk of accident & injury * Impact on future opportunities * Long term physical health
33
Has underage drinking increased or decreased?
Decreased
34
What is storm & stress?
The idea that adolescence is characterized by intense and frequent negative affect during this period. (suggests turmoil and stress is common at this stage and to be expected)
35
Under the idea of Storm and Stress, why might adolescence be a time of turmoil?
Increased contact with situations that may bring about turmoil
36
What is Emotional Granularity?
The degree of ability to conceptually distinguish among similarly valenced discrete emotions (EX: identifying a color as red instead of maroon, cherry, scarlet, etc)
37
What are the benefits of having more emotional granularity?
Positive psychological adjustment, wider ER repertoires, less experience of psychopathology & better outcomes following psychotherapy, less aggression in response to anger, and more
38
Is emotional granularity high or low in adolescence?
Low
39
What are some coping strategies used by adolescents?
* Substance use * Social withdrawal * Self-injurious behavior * Food restriction or overconsumption * Sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia) * Aggression * Social media * Social support * Rumination * Co-rumination
40
What is the most common regulation strategy used by adolscents?
Acceptance
41
According to a study, 86.5% of adolescence use how many coping strategies to regulate negative emotions?
One strategy
42
The emotional regulation strategy of rumination & social support is positively correlated with [BLANK] symptoms
Depressive symptoms
43
What are some factors that determine wether adolescents will use effective emotional management strategies ?
* The intensity of the emotion * What ER strategies they know * Contextual factors (stress, build up, )
44
According to Erikson, what stage do adolescents experience?
Identity Vs. Role Confusion § Identity: fundamental organizing principal which develops constantly throughout the lifespan § Role confusion (AKA identity diffusion): lack of clarify & consistency in one’s sense of self
45
What happens when an adolescent forms a coherent identity?
Commitment, self-confidence, independence, fidelity, better relationships
46
What happens when an adolescent experiences role confusion?
May struggle to make decisions, feel anxiety, aimlessness, alienation
47
What are the four statuses of identity according to Marcia?
Identity diffusion, Identity foreclosure, Identity Moratorium, and Identity Achievement
48
What is Identity diffusion?
Have neither explored options nor made a commitment (Tend to drift aimlessly with little connection to those around them or little sense of purpose in life)
49
What is Identity Foreclosure?
Have made a commitment without exploring the options available (Often when unable to make own choices)
50
What is Identity Moratorium?
Those who are actively exploring to try to establish identity, but haven’t committed yet (Can be fun/interesting but also stressful)
51
What is Identity Achievement?
Those who have made a commitment after exploration (Most ppl don’t achieve this by end of adolescence)

PSY-160 (4 decks)

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