ADOLESCENCE

Question 1

what is adolescence?

Answer 1

a period of rapid physical, emotional, cognitive and social change

Question 2

what is sensation-seeking in adolescence?

Answer 2

heightened desire to experience increased levels of arousal

Question 3

what activities does sensation-seeking involve?

Answer 3

decision-making, risk-taking, and exploration

Question 4

formal operations is under whose theory?

Answer 4

Piaget’s developmental theory

Question 5

what happens in formal operations?

Answer 5

shift to abstract, idealistic, and complex thinking

Question 6

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what does formal operational thinking involve?

Answer 6

abstract thought, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, systematic problem solving, and metacogntition

Question 7

what is adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 7

teenagers’ belief that others are concernced with them as they are themselves

Question 8

what does adolescent egocentrism involve?

Answer 8

imaginary audience and personal fable

Question 9

what is the most significant change in adolescence?

Answer 9

improve executive function

Question 10

what does information processing involve?

Answer 10

cognitive control (attention and cognitive flexibility), decision-making, critical thinking

Question 11

what do you call the process where the nervous system and endocrine system interact to initiate rapid physical changes?

Answer 11

puberty

Question 12

first menstruation

Answer 12

menarche

Question 13

what are hormones?

Answer 13

powerful chemical substances carried by bloodstream

Question 14

what happense to hormones during adolescence?

Answer 14

concetrations increase dramatically

Question 15

Hormone for boys and hormone for females

Answer 15

testosterone and estradiol

Question 16

True or False

both testosterone and estradiol is present in both male and female puberty

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what differentiates testosterone and estradiol during puberty

Answer 17

for females estradiol dominates, for males testosterone

Question 18

what is the hormone-behavior link during puberty

Answer 18

behaviors such as stress, eating patterns, exercise, sexual activity, and tension affects hormones

Question 19

what can cause puberty to begin earlier?

Answer 19

improved nutrition and health
or
high stress and conflict rates

Question 20

during puberty one’s perception of body image

Answer 20

preoccupies adolescent minds especially during early adolescence

Question 21

how does internet and social meida influence body image perception

Answer 21

more attention to physical appearance and more negative about own bodies

Question 22

features of early maturing boys and why

Answer 22

• more positive self perceptions and peer relations
• because of heavier focus on advantageous physical status instead of career development and achievement

Question 23

features of late maturing boys

Answer 23

• stronger sense of identity in 30s
• because more time to explore life options
• more negative body image

Question 24

features of early maturing girls

Answer 24

• increased vulnerability to problems such as smoking, drinking, depression, eating disorders
• higher levels of depression in adolescence
• higher level of antisocial behavior in adulthood

Question 25

features in late maturing girls

Answer 25

greater satisfaction in later adulthood

Question 26

what part of the brain changes that symbolizes improved information processing during adolescence? how does it change?

Answer 26

corpus callosum thickens

Question 27

what part of the brain matures earlier than others symbollizing early maturation of emotions?

Answer 27

limbic system

Question 28

neurotransmitter involved in risk taking and reward seeking

Answer 28

dopamine

Question 29

during adolescence what are the effects of increasing connections across brain areas?

Answer 29

greater efficieny and focal activation, increased brain networks

Question 30

what does it mean if brain networks are reduced?

Answer 30

it is linked with depression

Question 31

# part of brain why can't adolescents handle their heightened emotions during puberty?

Answer 31

because the prefrontal cortex is not as developed

Question 32

what activity demonstrates abstract thinking of formal operational stage?

Answer 32

* verval problem-solving (logically inferring if a = b and b = c then a = c) * thing about thought

Question 33

what is hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

Answer 33

problem solving like through trial and error, devising plans and systematically testing solutions

Question 34

# w what is imaginary audience?

Answer 34

believe they are on stage

Question 35

what is personal fable?

Answer 35

sense of uniqueness or invulnerability

Question 37

social media and egocentrism

Answer 37

* raises levels of imaginary audience * higher level of narcissism

Question 39

what does executive function involve?

Answer 39

goal-directed behavior, self-control, cognitive control, decision-making and critical thinking

Question 40

what does cognitive control involves?

Answer 40

* controlling attention * reducing interfering thoughts * cognitively flexible (alternative options and adaptation)

Question 41

what is the psychosocial moratorium?

Answer 41

gap between childhood security and adult autonomy for exploration and experimentation

Question 42

what stage in Erik Erikson's theory of development is involved with adolescence?

Answer 42

identity vs role confusion

Question 42

James Marcia's identity statuses is based on the extent of what?

Answer 42

crisis and comittment

Question 43

what is crisis?

Answer 43

period of identity development exploring alternatives

Question 44

what is commitment?

Answer 44

peresonal investment and involvment in identity

Question 45

# identify identity status undecided and likely uninterested in choices and decisions

Answer 45

identity diffusion

Question 46

# identify identity status sense of having had a little to no choice in their identity

Answer 46

identity foreclosure

Question 47

# identify identity status midst of exploration and discovery

Answer 47

identity moratorium

Question 48

# identify identity status explored, discovered and established identity

Answer 48

identity achievement

Question 49

# identify identity status no crisis or commitment

Answer 49

identity diffusion

Question 50

# identify identity status no crisis has commitment

Answer 50

identity foreclosure

Question 51

# identify identity status has crisis no commitment

Answer 51

identity moratorium

Question 52

# identify identity status has crisis and commitment

Answer 52

identity achievement

Question 53

what is a narrative identity?

Answer 53

stories constructed aabout themselves to define who they are

Question 54

what happens to parent-child relationship during adolescence?

Answer 54

renegotiation due to desire for autonomy through distal monitoring

Question 55

during adolescence peer relationships involve?

Answer 55

* a need for intimacy * frienships (develomental advantages, quality over quantity, and homophily) * deviant peer contagion * crowds and cliques

Question 56

during adolescence dating involves?

Answer 56

* contribution to identity development and emerging sexuality

Question 57

# give 5 risk factors of deviant behavior

Answer 57

gender, family environment, SES, education, deviant peers