Adolescence

Question 1

Puberty begins

Answer 1

Girls usually start at 10 years old
Boys usually start at 12 years old
both are an exciting and agonizing process
age is getting younger throughout the world

Question 2

why is the age of puberty getting younger

Answer 2

body fat is fluctuating
rising obesity rates
chemicals in food
increased stress levels
higher standards of living
better nutrition

Question 3

what is puberty

Answer 3

various changes that transform a childs body into an adult one
-shape
-size
-sexual reproduction

Question 4

mental health impact from puberty

Answer 4

children do not want to appear different
mismatch between childs appearance and behavior or thoughts
depression, anxiety, and eating disorders can form
substance use has been noted in boys
early sexual behavior has been noted in girls

Question 5

Formal operational thought

Answer 5

Piaget’s fourth and final stage
think about abstracts constructs
no longer limited by what they can only see/hear
-ex: in math people can multiple unreal numbers

Question 6

Formal preoperational thought-ways to think

Answer 6

think about all the possibilities and test them systematically
-scientific thinking
-detective responding

Question 7

Formal preoperational thought-reflection

Answer 7

new ways to reflect on information
thinking about new hypothetical realities
-thoughts and feelings (introspection)
-how the world could be idealistically
- critical of others
-age appropriate cognitive processing vs. being contrary

Question 8

egocentrism

Answer 8

self focused thinking
unlimited power to their own thoughts
think intensely about themselves and about what others think of them

Question 9

imaginary audience

Answer 9

egocentric belief
belief that others are as focused on their appearances as they themselves are

desire for privacy and have a reluctance to share due to being under constant scrutiny
social media can heighten this effect

Question 10

personal fable

Answer 10

egocentric belief
regard themselves and their feelings or experiences as being special and unique

only they have experienced such emotions and events and others could never understand how they feel

Question 11

invincibility fable

Answer 11

egocentric belief
uniqueness of ones emotional experience reinforces belief of invulnerability

will not suffer negative consequences
engage in risky behavior like dinking an driving

Question 12

identity vs. role confusion

Answer 12

Erikson’s 5th stage
period of experimentation regarding identity
culminating in amore coherent view of oneself

identity and formal operational thought
ability to think many possibilities for current and future self
preferences and habits become more clear

Question 13

identity formation

Answer 13

not a linear process
not often achieved by the end of adolescence
-formation occurs during young adulthood

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

James Marcia theory
no active identity formation
ex: only wants to play video games and has no idea what they want to do with their future

Question 15

foreclosure

Answer 15

James Marcia theory
premature identity formation
ex: being a doctor bc everyone around me is and expects me to be a doctor

Question 16

moratorium

Answer 16

James Marcia theory
postpone identity formation
ex: a student taking multiple different courses in college to figure out what they want to do

Question 17

achievement

Answer 17

James Marcia theory
identity formation

Question 18

peer pressure

Answer 18

can be positive or negative
friends can encourage socially desirable behaviors
ex: join a sports team

Question 19

crowds

Answer 19

large groups that share a common interests

Question 20

cliques

Answer 20

small clusters of close friends who exclude outsiders

Question 21

sadness

Answer 21

typical ups and down
lower confidence and self esteem
feeling awkward due to puberty changes

Question 22

clinical depression

Answer 22

2 weeks or more of feeling hopelessness worthlessness and lethargy
significant changes to sleep, eating, and social patterns