Adolescence

Question 1

What age is adolescence?

Answer 1

10-18

Question 2

what is Piaget’s Hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

Answer 2

• term for applying scientific thinking to cognitive tasks
• forming a hypothesis and systematically testing it by changing one variable at a time
• ex. the pendulum problem

Question 3

define adolescent egocentrism

Answer 3

having difficulty distinguishing thinking about their own thoughts from thinking about the thoughts of others

Question 4

define imaginary audience

Answer 4

belied that others are acutely aware of and attentive to one’s appearance and behavior

Question 5

What is the personal fable

Answer 5

a strong belief in uniqueness of self and experiences

Question 6

what are the characteristics of the personal fable

Answer 6

• can lead to high risk behavior
• can be a source of high hopes and dreams
• can lead to anguish (no one understands me)
• can lead to emotional volatility

Question 7

why is the adolescent brain imbalanced + what does it lead to

Answer 7

limbic system (emotion and reward) is highly active, while the prefrontal cortex (planning and goals) is still developing

leads to more risky behaviors

Question 8

What is Kohlberg’s Cognitive Development Theory based on?

Answer 8

Based on males and justice
- men view morality primary in terms of justice and fairness

Question 9

What is Gilligan’s moral development theory based on?

Answer 9

• women see morality more in terms of responsibility towards individuals and care

Question 10

What is the cultural-developmental approach based on?

Answer 10

Focus on the individual’s worldview, with moral reasoning based on autonomy, community, and divinity

Question 11

What is emotional volatility?

Answer 11

• Adolescents feel self-conscious, embarrassed, moody, lonely, and nervous twice or more than adults.
• feeling worse as you age from 5th to 12th grade

Question 12

what stage of Erikson’s theory is adolescence focused on?

Answer 12

Identity vs. Identity confusion

Question 13

What are the subcategories of Identity vs. Identity confusion?

Answer 13

Identity formation
Identity confusion
Societal pressures

Question 14

Describe the relationship between adolescents and their friends

Answer 14

• become closer
• crave intimacy and social support

Question 15

what is the gender-intensification hypothesis?

Answer 15

• from 6th to 8th grade, their self-descriptions become more gender stereotypes due to intensified socialization pressure

Question 16

Does conflict with parents arise? Why or why not?

Answer 16

It does arise

why:
- sexual maturation
- cognitive ability to rebut
- greater independence and autonomy

Question 17

Puberty and girls

Answer 17

• effects of early maturation are usually negative (anxiety, depression, body concerns)
• early-maturating girls are at a high risk for problems, in part because they attract the interest of older boys

Question 18

Puberty and boys

Answer 18

• effects of early maturation are mixed
• If puberty is reached early, there are long-term advantage in careers and marital sex
• If puberty is reached late, there’s problems with earlier involvement in risky behavior + social isolation