Adolescence

Question 1

When is a critical period for the onset of psychiatric conditions?

Answer 1

Adolescence

Question 2

What social upheaval occurs in adolescence?

Answer 2

Changing relationships from family as the primary interactions, to peers and intimate friends.

Question 3

What are the clinical implications of adolescence?

Answer 3

Period of high risk and opportunity for intervention

Question 4

Adolescents are more sensitive to

Answer 4

Acceptance and rejection by their peers.

Question 5

How does peer importance change at adolescence?

Answer 5

Increases

Question 6

How is risk taking behaviour changed in adolescence?

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

How does white matter change?

Answer 7

Increased myelination

Question 8

How does grey matter change?

Answer 8

Synaptic proliferation followed by pruning

Question 9

When do higher order association cortices mature?

Answer 9

After lower order cortices

Question 10

Disjoin between which brain areas

Answer 10

Executive functioning and emotional areas

Question 11

Relative maturity of … in comparison to a still immature ….

Answer 11

Limbic structures

Prefrontal signalling

Question 12

What does the limbic/executive disjoin mean?

Answer 12

Biased emotional and incentive-based behaviour

Question 13

Adolescents respond to threat cue more or less than adults

Answer 13

More

Question 14

Adolescents respond to safety cue more or less than adults

Answer 14

Same

Question 15

How is face processing changed in adolescence (4)?

Answer 15

Increased recognition of emotional expressions
Improved recognition of facial identities
Increased functional responsiveness of cortical face networks
Increased processing of facial attractiveness

Question 16

What may relate to the emergence of psychopathology?

Answer 16

Differences in emotional processing

Question 17

Amygdala in anxious vs depressed adolescents?

Answer 17

Anxiety reported in teenagers, relative increased activity in right amygdala. While depressed teens showed a blunted amygdala response.

Question 18

How may sex hormones influence adolescents?

Answer 18

May sensitize neural circuits to hormone activation, which in turn allows for the development and maturation of social and sexual behaviors

Question 19

Hormones may influence

Answer 19

Brain development

Question 20

Lower testosterone effects on adolescent boys?

Answer 20

lower levels of testosterone and testosterone levels that decreased more slowly during the day had greater levels of anxiety, depression and attention problems irrespective of pubertal development.

Question 21

Lower testosterone effects on adolescent boys?

Answer 21

Lower levels of testosterone and testosterone levels that decreased more slowly during the day had greater levels of anxiety, depression and attention problems irrespective of pubertal development.

Question 22

Higher levels of testosterone associated with?

Answer 22

Increases in volume in the amygdala.

Question 23

Acute increases in gonadal hormones correlated with

Answer 23

Greater affiliations with risk-taking peers and higher social dominance

Question 24

Theory of psychopathology in adolescence

Answer 24

Higher emotional response to life events, problem behaviours emerge

Question 25

Brain development during childhood and adolescence is characterised by

Answer 25

Increasing control over executive processes