Adolescence and self/identity Flashcards
Self description in Preschool:
Physical features, possessions and preferences
Self description in middle school
less tangible characteristics like emotion and combined attributes
Self description in later childhood
descriptoon based on social comparison
Self description in early adolescence:
more concerned with attitude and personal attributes
self description in mid and late adolescence:
Differentiate into different roles and combine opposing characters
Self control in early infancy:
only reflexes
(regulation is only involuntary)
Self control between 18 months and 3 years:
autonomy versus shame, doubt conflict becomes important
Self control 3rd year:
pay attention to standards and monitor their activities in relation to standards
what is compliance?
The childs ability to obey requests or adapt the standards of behavior given by the caregivers
why is compliance in “dont” situation dramatically increased between 1 and 4 years but not in “do”?
the ability needed to comply with a dont situatuin is inhibition which developes there while “motivation” is needed for a do situation, something thats not developed yet.
Delay of gratification (page 6 gör sedan)
Delay of gratification for younger children often more effective with verbal instruction than silence in resisting, why?
because they don’t have the cognitive bandwidth to both complete the given task and think about the gratification.
example counting to 40 and wanting ice-cream.
What are preschoolers relation with self esteem and why is it like that?
They have very high self esteem. they usually deem lack of effort as the problem rather than lack of ability
when does self esteem decrease and why?
it decreases during elementary school and stabilizes around middle school. Children are constantly evaluated in tests and participation is no longer valued as highly as results.
What is self consciousness?
a result of formal operational cognitive ability in leading to critical self evaluation.
what is a gender difference in self evaluation?
Boys show much less variability than girls
(kika boken sedan
Chapter 6 (Pg 206 - 209)
Chapter 8 (Pg 256 - 260)
Chapter 10 (Pg334 - 338)
Chapter 11 (Pg 388 - 394)
Chapter 12 (Pg 406 - 412))
When does an identity start to form?
During adolescence
identity vs confusion, the 5th developmental stage in Erikson’s theory
What is an identity crisis?
a temporary period of distress during which adolescents experiment with alternatives before settling on values and goals
What are the 7 issues recognized by Erikson as important during adolescence?
Temporal perspective versus time confusion
(sense of continuity in life)
Role experimentation versus role fixation
(identity comes from experimenting)
Self certainty versus consciousness
(self confidence based on experiences)
Apprenticeship versus work paralysis
(try out occupation before deciding on a vocation)
Sexual polarization versus bisexual confusion
(bi people are confused, proof lacking)
Leadership or followership versus authority confusion
(competing claims to their allegiances)
Ideological commitment versus confusion of values
(search for fidelity)
What are the 4 identities in Marcia’s theory and how are they defined?
They all stem from having crisis and/or commitment or non of them.
no Crisis no commitment - Diffused
no crisis but commitment - foreclosed
Crisis but no commitment - moratorium
Crisis and commitment - achieved
why do we see physical growth in adolescence?
biochemically the endocrine system changes.
the hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland to secrete the gonadotropic hormones
body image can become a problem, especially in off time puberty, why?
body image is a large part of self esteem. for boys late puberty makes them feel Small and can take a long time to fix even after they catch up of even grow past their peers. for girls its hard with both late and early puberty. late is a problem for beauty standards and early is a problem because people are perverts?
Adolescence are often considered hypocritical, why?
Adolescence are often idealistic and this can result in them being impatient with those who appear inactive in the face of injustice. in the long run however they themselves will reasonably break their own rules.
Adolescence are creative but with often not demonstrate it, why?
they don’t want to stick out. almost a heard like behavior. in group assignments they will usually come up with solutions closer to those already presented by others to fit in.
