Adolescence: cognitive development

Question 1

Formal operational period

Answer 1

• 11 to adulthood
• children are capable of abstract and hypothetical thinking, win which logical reasoning and porblem solving move beyond concrete information and experiences

Question 2

Abstract thinking

Answer 2

logic and thinking in which teen mentally manipulates ideas and reflects on situations that are not real or tangible
- ex: what would happen if sank?

Question 3

prepositional thinking

Answer 3

ability to determine whether a set of propositions are logical based on the wording of the statement
- can solve, y is taller than z, z is taller than x, is y taller x?
- not in concrete cant picture ths because not real things

Question 4

hypothetical deductive reasoning

Answer 4

systematic, scientific approach to probelm solving in which they test hypotheses about specific variables that might influence an outcome to arrive at a conclusion
ex: pendulum taks, combination of liquids
- not universal, formal school is needed

Question 5

selective attention

Answer 5

ability to focus on relevant info while inhibiting attention to irrelevant

Question 6

attention flexibility

Answer 6

ability to flexibly shift attention from one task or problem to the other as needed

Question 7

executive functions

Answer 7

attention flexibility and selective attention rely on executive functions like cognitive flexibility and inhibition
- executive functions continue to improve through teen years because prefrontal cortex is still developing

Question 8

working memory and processing speed

Answer 8

working memory improves with teen bc many processes become automatic which decreases cognitive load which allows working memory span to increase
- improvement to processing speed bc of age related changes in cog preformance

Question 9

memory strategies

Answer 9

• rehersal and chunking become faster
• use more deeper strategies like elaboration
  ex: trying to rmeber pen remebring the thing to write (concepts)
• sahllow: how many syllables does it have

Question 10

component of school engagement

Answer 10

behavioral engagement: participation, paying attentions, going to class
- emotional: attitudes, positivity
- cognitive: using effective strategies, being engaged
- relates to future ambitions and academics rely on more than just talent

Question 11

motivation

Answer 11

• declines during adolescence
• predicts standardized tests
• high score: high aptitude and motivation
• low scores: lack of aptitude and/or motivation

Question 12

factors of motivation

Answer 12

• the role of choice: higher motivation when they choose to do something
• goal orientation: entity vs incremental (whether they believe effort can make them better or not)
• expectation for success: low exectation will lead to low motivation
• task value: subjective meaning give to a class (depends on interest, difficulty, perceived attainment (identity), cost, utility value)