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Nursing 219 > Adolescents > Flashcards

Adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

What ages are considered adolescent?

A

13-21

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2
Q

When does adolescence begin and how long does it usually last?

A

begins at puberty and continues 8-10 years

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3
Q

Define early adolescence.

A

begins with puberty and extends fora couple of years

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4
Q

Define middle adolescence.

A

this is when physical growth of the child is done; this is the time when the child begins to separate emotionally from the parents

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5
Q

Define late adolescence.

A

this is between 18-25; the emotional separation from the parents is complete
-characterized by physical and emotional maturation ‘

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6
Q

Describe the general growth of the adolescent.

A
  • is asymmetrical
  • is 2nd to infancy in rate
  • estrogen is stored in females, and more androgens in males
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7
Q

When does the growth spurt begin in females in adolescence? How long does it last? How much do they grow? How much weight do they gain?

A
  • begins btween 9.5-14.5 years old
  • lasts 3 years typically
  • grow 2.5-5 inches
  • gain 8-10lbs typically
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8
Q

When does the growth spurt in male adolescence begin? How long does it last? How much do they grow? How much weight do they gain?

A
  • begins btwn 10.5-14 years old
  • lasts 4 years
  • grow 3-6inches
  • gain 12-14 lbs
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9
Q

Why is the growth spurt/ weight gain change, etc. important to the adolescent?

A

because they are very concerned about body image around this time

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10
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for the adolescent?

A

16-18 is normal

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11
Q

Describe the cardiovascular development of the adolescent.

A

the size of the heart increases; rbc’s and hemoglobin increasees

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12
Q

At what age is the respiratory system fully developed?

A

not until the 20s

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13
Q

Why does the adolescent begin to get acne?

A

the sebaceous glands begin to activate and they begin to sweat like adults

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14
Q

Acne is more prominent in _____ than _______.

A

males than females

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15
Q

Describe the neurological development of the adolescence.

A

the synapses and neurons are being pruned; the frontal lobe develops before everything else, resulting in strong emotions and feelings in adolescence

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16
Q

Describe the musculoskeletal development of the adolescent.

A

the bones grow faster than the muscles; this leads to clumsiness, especially in boys
-ossification (bone hardening) happens later in girls than in boys

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17
Q

By what age should the adolescent have all adult teeth, including molars?

A

21

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18
Q

At what age does hearing reach it’s peak?

A

13

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19
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

A

primary sex characteristics describe the internal and hormonal body changes for sex
secondary sex characteristics describe our physical changes; the things we can see

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20
Q

What are the 4 main physical changes of adolescence is summarized by the Tanner stages?

A

1) increased growth rate
2) sex-specific changes
3) alteration in the distribution of muscle and fat
4) development of the reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

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21
Q

When does puberty usually begin and how long does it take to complete in females?

A
  • starts btwn 9-13.5 years old

- may last or take 1.5-6 years to complete

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22
Q

What are the 4 Tanner stages in adolescent females?

A

thelarche, andrenarche, menarche, ovulation

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23
Q

Describe the “thelarche” stage of female sexual development.

A

-breast buds, Tanner stage 2

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24
Q

Describe the “andrenarche” stage of female sexual development.

A

the cortex of the adrenal glands mature, pubic hair appears, change in sweat composition, increase of oiliness of the skin, mild acne begins

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25
Q

Describe the “menarche” stage of female sexual development.

A

when you get your first period, 2 years after puberty begins; irregular cycles are normal

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26
Q

Describe the “ovulation” stage of female sexual development.

A

release of the 1st mature egg, usually occurs in 1-2years after menarch, the female can now produce a child

27
Q

How long does male puberty take to complete?

A

2-5 years

28
Q

When does the pubescent male begin to get pubic hair?

A

6 months after testicular growth; usually 12-16 years of age

29
Q

When does the pubescent male begin to grow facial and axilla hair?

A

1-2 years after pubic hair starts

30
Q

Describe the “spermarche” stage of male sexual development.

A

occurs around 14 years of age; this is the 1st viable sperm; between tanner stage 3-4

31
Q

Describe abnormal pubertal delay in females.

A
  • abnormal if no breast development by age 14

- abnormal if no menarche within 4 years after breast development or by age 18

32
Q

Describe abnormal puberty delays in males.

A
  • abnormal if no testicular changes or scrotum development by age 13.5-14 years
  • abnormal if growth not complete until 4 years after testicular development begins
  • abnormal if no pubic hair by age 14
33
Q

Describe the thinking and thought process of an adolescent.

A
  • always have an imaginary audience everywhere they go

- they overthink everything and make things more complicated than they need to be, are dramatic

34
Q

Describe the cognitive development of early adolescents according to Piaget.

A

they now explore abstract thought, but it is limited

are now concerned about how they compare to their peer groups

35
Q

Describe the cognitive development of a middle adolescent according to Piaget.

A

-they are more idealistic; interested in politics and social issues, view problems more comprehensively

36
Q

Freud says the adolescent is now in the ________ stage.

A

genital

37
Q

Summarize Freud’s Genital stage of development.

A

they develop skills to cope with the environment
have or are working towards full sexual maturity and function
creativity and pleasure in love and work
sense of I and other

38
Q

What stage is the adolescent in according to Erikson? Describe this stage.

A

Identity Formation vs Role Confusion
identity formation-develop a sense of self as a unique person, are committed to a value system, internal stability
role confusion- will show self-doubt, have self-consciousness about themselves

39
Q

What are the 3 different types of identity according to Erikson?

A

personal/real identity: the “real” us
claimed identity: what/who we claim to be
ideal identity: where we want to be what we’re working towards

40
Q

Describe the identity development in early adolescence.

A

trying out new roles, being successful in peer groups; our attractiveness measured by peer behavior, preoccupied with body changes

41
Q

Describe the identity development in middle adolescence.

A

narcisstic, idealistic, self-centered, rich fantasy life, trying to separate from parents

42
Q

Describe the identity development in late adolescence.

A

self-esteem becomes more stabilized, social role becomes more defined

43
Q

Describe the body image and self-concept of an early adolescent.

A

preoccupied with body changes

44
Q

Describe the body image and self-concept of a middle adolescent.

A

preoccupied withh clothes, grooming, and the way they loo

45
Q

Describe the body image and self-concept of late adolescence.

A

they are comfortable with their bodies

46
Q

Describe the sexuality of a child in early adolescence.

A

self-evaluation, exploration

47
Q

Describe the sexuality of middle adolescence.

A

they feel lie they are in love, know their sexual orientation at this point typically, are dating alot

48
Q

Describe the sexuality of late adolescence.

A

stable relationships, sense of intimacy, mutual and reciprocal relationships

49
Q

Describe peer relationships of an early adolescent.

A

have peer groups or cliques; peer groups positive in providing sense of acceptance; peer groups are a good stabilizer and increase risky behaviors

50
Q

Describe peer relationships of a middle adolescent.

A

behavior standards are set in the peer group, acceptance is extremely important, they start to explore relationships with the opposite sex

51
Q

Describe the peer relationships of late adolescence.

A

peer groups are less important, they are more interested in special person relationships, as well as intimacy and permanency in relationships

52
Q

Describe parental relationships in early adolescence.

A

the child is processing towards independence ; defining boundaries btwn dependence and independence

53
Q

Describe parental relationships in middle adolescence.

A

this is a low point in the parent/child relationship; there is a push towards freedom

54
Q

Describe parental relationships in late adolescence.

A

there is less conflict, increased independence, emotional and physical separation is now usually complete from the parents

55
Q

What do nutritional needs depend on?

A

the rate of growth (if they are going through growth spurt), and level of physical activity

56
Q

What is the recommended caloric intake for a female? for a male?

A

female: 2200-2400 cal a day
male: 2700-3000 cal a day

57
Q

What are the protein needs for an adolescent?

A

45-56 g a day

58
Q

What is a good way for them to obtain vitamin D?

A

20-30 minutes of sunlight twice weekly

59
Q

There is an increased need for what vitamins/nutrients in adolescence?

A

iron, zinc, and calcium

60
Q

What is considered obese?

A

20% above ideal weight for height and age

61
Q

What type of “play” or activities is normal for the adolescent?

A

exercise, sports, work, dating

62
Q

Name some nutritional issues in adolescents.

A

vegetarian diets, fad diets, eating disorders, obesity, meal skipping, junk food

63
Q

What 3 STDs are required to be reported if found in adolescents?

A

gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis

Nursing 219 (4 decks)

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