Adolescents

Question 1

What ages are considered adolescent?

Answer 1

13-21

Question 2

When does adolescence begin and how long does it usually last?

Answer 2

begins at puberty and continues 8-10 years

Question 3

Define early adolescence.

Answer 3

begins with puberty and extends fora couple of years

Question 4

Define middle adolescence.

Answer 4

this is when physical growth of the child is done; this is the time when the child begins to separate emotionally from the parents

Question 5

Define late adolescence.

Answer 5

this is between 18-25; the emotional separation from the parents is complete
-characterized by physical and emotional maturation ‘

Question 6

Describe the general growth of the adolescent.

Answer 6

• is asymmetrical
• is 2nd to infancy in rate
• estrogen is stored in females, and more androgens in males

Question 7

When does the growth spurt begin in females in adolescence? How long does it last? How much do they grow? How much weight do they gain?

Answer 7

• begins btween 9.5-14.5 years old
• lasts 3 years typically
• grow 2.5-5 inches
• gain 8-10lbs typically

Question 8

When does the growth spurt in male adolescence begin? How long does it last? How much do they grow? How much weight do they gain?

Answer 8

• begins btwn 10.5-14 years old
• lasts 4 years
• grow 3-6inches
• gain 12-14 lbs

Question 9

Why is the growth spurt/ weight gain change, etc. important to the adolescent?

Answer 9

because they are very concerned about body image around this time

Question 10

What is a normal respiratory rate for the adolescent?

Answer 10

16-18 is normal

Question 11

Describe the cardiovascular development of the adolescent.

Answer 11

the size of the heart increases; rbc’s and hemoglobin increasees

Question 12

At what age is the respiratory system fully developed?

Answer 12

not until the 20s

Question 13

Why does the adolescent begin to get acne?

Answer 13

the sebaceous glands begin to activate and they begin to sweat like adults

Question 14

Acne is more prominent in _____ than _______.

Answer 14

males than females

Question 15

Describe the neurological development of the adolescence.

Answer 15

the synapses and neurons are being pruned; the frontal lobe develops before everything else, resulting in strong emotions and feelings in adolescence

Question 16

Describe the musculoskeletal development of the adolescent.

Answer 16

the bones grow faster than the muscles; this leads to clumsiness, especially in boys
-ossification (bone hardening) happens later in girls than in boys

Question 17

By what age should the adolescent have all adult teeth, including molars?

Answer 17

21

Question 18

At what age does hearing reach it’s peak?

Answer 18

13

Question 19

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 19

primary sex characteristics describe the internal and hormonal body changes for sex
secondary sex characteristics describe our physical changes; the things we can see

Question 20

What are the 4 main physical changes of adolescence is summarized by the Tanner stages?

Answer 20

1) increased growth rate
2) sex-specific changes
3) alteration in the distribution of muscle and fat
4) development of the reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

When does puberty usually begin and how long does it take to complete in females?

Answer 21

• starts btwn 9-13.5 years old

- may last or take 1.5-6 years to complete

Question 22

What are the 4 Tanner stages in adolescent females?

Answer 22

thelarche, andrenarche, menarche, ovulation

Question 23

Describe the “thelarche” stage of female sexual development.

Answer 23

-breast buds, Tanner stage 2

Question 24

Describe the “andrenarche” stage of female sexual development.

Answer 24

the cortex of the adrenal glands mature, pubic hair appears, change in sweat composition, increase of oiliness of the skin, mild acne begins

Question 25

Describe the "menarche" stage of female sexual development.

Answer 25

when you get your first period, 2 years after puberty begins; irregular cycles are normal

Question 26

Describe the "ovulation" stage of female sexual development.

Answer 26

release of the 1st mature egg, usually occurs in 1-2years after menarch, the female can now produce a child

Question 27

How long does male puberty take to complete?

Answer 27

2-5 years

Question 28

When does the pubescent male begin to get pubic hair?

Answer 28

6 months after testicular growth; usually 12-16 years of age

Question 29

When does the pubescent male begin to grow facial and axilla hair?

Answer 29

1-2 years after pubic hair starts

Question 30

Describe the "spermarche" stage of male sexual development.

Answer 30

occurs around 14 years of age; this is the 1st viable sperm; between tanner stage 3-4

Question 31

Describe abnormal pubertal delay in females.

Answer 31

- abnormal if no breast development by age 14 | - abnormal if no menarche within 4 years after breast development or by age 18

Question 32

Describe abnormal puberty delays in males.

Answer 32

- abnormal if no testicular changes or scrotum development by age 13.5-14 years - abnormal if growth not complete until 4 years after testicular development begins - abnormal if no pubic hair by age 14

Question 33

Describe the thinking and thought process of an adolescent.

Answer 33

- always have an imaginary audience everywhere they go | - they overthink everything and make things more complicated than they need to be, are dramatic

Question 34

Describe the cognitive development of early adolescents according to Piaget.

Answer 34

they now explore abstract thought, but it is limited | are now concerned about how they compare to their peer groups

Question 35

Describe the cognitive development of a middle adolescent according to Piaget.

Answer 35

-they are more idealistic; interested in politics and social issues, view problems more comprehensively

Question 36

Freud says the adolescent is now in the ________ stage.

Answer 36

genital

Question 37

Summarize Freud's Genital stage of development.

Answer 37

they develop skills to cope with the environment have or are working towards full sexual maturity and function creativity and pleasure in love and work sense of I and other

Question 38

What stage is the adolescent in according to Erikson? Describe this stage.

Answer 38

Identity Formation vs Role Confusion identity formation-develop a sense of self as a unique person, are committed to a value system, internal stability role confusion- will show self-doubt, have self-consciousness about themselves

Question 39

What are the 3 different types of identity according to Erikson?

Answer 39

personal/real identity: the "real" us claimed identity: what/who we claim to be ideal identity: where we want to be what we're working towards

Question 40

Describe the identity development in early adolescence.

Answer 40

trying out new roles, being successful in peer groups; our attractiveness measured by peer behavior, preoccupied with body changes

Question 41

Describe the identity development in middle adolescence.

Answer 41

narcisstic, idealistic, self-centered, rich fantasy life, trying to separate from parents

Question 42

Describe the identity development in late adolescence.

Answer 42

self-esteem becomes more stabilized, social role becomes more defined

Question 43

Describe the body image and self-concept of an early adolescent.

Answer 43

preoccupied with body changes

Question 44

Describe the body image and self-concept of a middle adolescent.

Answer 44

preoccupied withh clothes, grooming, and the way they loo

Question 45

Describe the body image and self-concept of late adolescence.

Answer 45

they are comfortable with their bodies

Question 46

Describe the sexuality of a child in early adolescence.

Answer 46

self-evaluation, exploration

Question 47

Describe the sexuality of middle adolescence.

Answer 47

they feel lie they are in love, know their sexual orientation at this point typically, are dating alot

Question 48

Describe the sexuality of late adolescence.

Answer 48

stable relationships, sense of intimacy, mutual and reciprocal relationships

Question 49

Describe peer relationships of an early adolescent.

Answer 49

have peer groups or cliques; peer groups positive in providing sense of acceptance; peer groups are a good stabilizer and increase risky behaviors

Question 50

Describe peer relationships of a middle adolescent.

Answer 50

behavior standards are set in the peer group, acceptance is extremely important, they start to explore relationships with the opposite sex

Question 51

Describe the peer relationships of late adolescence.

Answer 51

peer groups are less important, they are more interested in special person relationships, as well as intimacy and permanency in relationships

Question 52

Describe parental relationships in early adolescence.

Answer 52

the child is processing towards independence ; defining boundaries btwn dependence and independence

Question 53

Describe parental relationships in middle adolescence.

Answer 53

this is a low point in the parent/child relationship; there is a push towards freedom

Question 54

Describe parental relationships in late adolescence.

Answer 54

there is less conflict, increased independence, emotional and physical separation is now usually complete from the parents

Question 55

What do nutritional needs depend on?

Answer 55

the rate of growth (if they are going through growth spurt), and level of physical activity

Question 56

What is the recommended caloric intake for a female? for a male?

Answer 56

female: 2200-2400 cal a day male: 2700-3000 cal a day

Question 57

What are the protein needs for an adolescent?

Answer 57

45-56 g a day

Question 58

What is a good way for them to obtain vitamin D?

Answer 58

20-30 minutes of sunlight twice weekly

Question 59

There is an increased need for what vitamins/nutrients in adolescence?

Answer 59

iron, zinc, and calcium

Question 60

What is considered obese?

Answer 60

20% above ideal weight for height and age

Question 61

What type of "play" or activities is normal for the adolescent?

Answer 61

exercise, sports, work, dating

Question 62

Name some nutritional issues in adolescents.

Answer 62

vegetarian diets, fad diets, eating disorders, obesity, meal skipping, junk food

Question 63

What 3 STDs are required to be reported if found in adolescents?

Answer 63

gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis