Adolescents and Older Adults (self perception/self concept; role-relationship) Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
True or false.
Each adolescent grows in a predictable manor.
A
TRUE (arguably either)
2
Q
True or false.
Adolescents may demonstrate more moody behaviour.
A
TRUE (due to limbic system developing prior to prefrontal loan)
3
Q
What is Erikson’s definition of adolescents?
A
the period of transition between childhood and adulthood
4
Q
What are the 3 sub phases of adolescents?
A
Early adolescents (10 or 11-14) Middle adolescents (14 or 15-17) Late adolescent (17or18 - 20or21)
5
Q
What are some characteristics of early adolescents(10-14)?
A
- high physical growth
- high conformity
- need to fit in
6
Q
What are some characteristics of middle adolescents (15-17)
A
- abstract thinking
- setting vocational goals
- unique and invulnerable
- focus on being accepted by the opposite sex
7
Q
What are some characteristics of late adulthood(18-21)?
A
- establishing personal identity
- setting vocational work goals
- more indépendant of parents
- not as concerned with peer approval
8
Q
What are the main developmental changes in adolescents?
A
- GROWTH (physical growth maturation and puberty)
- COGNITION (being abstract thinkers)
- RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENTS (independence)
- RELATIONSHIP WITH PEERS (seeks peer support thus standards set by peers)
- SEXUALITY (exploration, plural relationships, dating, and intimacy)
- PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH (mood swings, unstable emotions, withdrawal, anger management)
9
Q
What is the purpose of developmental tasks in adolescents?
A
supporting building the foundation for productive adulthood
10
Q
What are (6) adolescent developmental tasks?
A
- increased independence
- adjusting to sexual maturation
- establishing cooperative relationships with peers
- preparing for meaningful vocation
- establishing intimate relationship
- developing a core set of values and beliefs
11
Q
What are some key ways to promote health in adolescents?
A
- EDUCATION (seminars or group edu with parents and teens)
- ENGAGEMENT (youth adult partnership)
12
Q
Nursing strategies when working with adolescents include?
A
- emphasis on STRENGTHS not problems
- do not avoid SENSITIVE ISSUES
- use OPEN ENDED questions
- try to RECOGNIZE MEANING behind words or actions
- be ALERT TO CLUES of other emotional states
- INVOLVE INDIVIDUAL and resources when necessary
- NON-JUDGEMENTAL, RESPECTFUL AND HONEST
- FLEXIBLE, TIMELY, ACCESSIBLE
13
Q
The youth engagement models says positive youth development leads to…
A
decreased - substance abuse - depression - drop out rates - conflict with the law increased - academic performance
14
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (1) ?
A
- interaction is grounded in PRINCIPLES of RESPECT, CONFIDENTIALITY, TRUST and TRANSPARENCY
- acknowledge STRENGTHS and POTENTIAL
15
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (2) ?
A
- utilize a COMPREHENSIVE, COLLABORATIVE, MULTIFACETED PARTNERSHIP to promote a therapeutic relationship
16
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (3) ?
A
employ YOUTH ENGAGEMENT approaches to foster youth development
17
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (4) ?
A
apply principles of POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
18
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (5) ?
A
nurses practice is INFORMED by EVIDENCE BASED theoretical models
19
Q
What is adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATION (6) ?
A
nurses engage in the DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, and EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS for youth, will base decisions on evidence reflecting on the elements of effective program landing and design
20
Q
What are all the adolescent PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS ?
A
- interaction is grounded in PRINCIPLES of RESPECT, CONFIDENTIALITY, TRUST and TRANSPARENCY
- acknowledge STRENGTHS and POTENTIAL
- interaction is grounded in PRINCIPLES of RESPECT, CONFIDENTIALITY, TRUST and TRANSPARENCY
- utilize a COMPREHENSIVE, COLLABORATIVE, MULTIFACETED PARTNERSHIP to promote a therapeutic relationship
- employ YOUTH ENGAGEMENT approaches to foster youth development
- apply principles of POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
- nurses practice is INFORMED by EVIDENCE BASED theoretical models
- nurses engage in the DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, and EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS for youth, will base decisions on evidence reflecting on the elements of effective program landing and design
21
Q
True or False.
Older adults age in a unique way.
A
True
22
Q
True or false.
Older adults have poor vision and hearing.
A
True for most
23
Q
Although many older adults experience chronic conditions, only ___% describe their health to be ___ or ____.
A
23%
poor or fair
24
Q
Although the process of learning for older adults may be impacted by loss of ____ and _____, older adults are _______ _______.
A
- hearing and vision
- lifelong learners
25
What is ageism?
thinking that older adults are unattractive and worthless, and/or old fashioned
26
How many older adults report one or more chronic condition?
91%
27
The population of older adults has _____ since 1982.
doubled
28
Life expectancy in 1991 was...
70.9 years
29
Life expectancy in 2001 was...
79.9 years
30
Life expectancy in 2005 was...
80.4
31
What is the start of older adulthood
65 years of age
32
What are the ave life expectancies for woman compared to men?
men 78
| woman 82.7
33
What are some developmental tasks of older adults?
- adjusting to retirement or fixed income
- adjusting to reduced health and physical strength
- adjusting to death of a spouse etc
- accepting self as an aging person
- maintaining satisfactory living arrangements
- redefining relationships with older children
- finding ways to maintain quality of life
34
What does DOH stand for?
determinants of health
35
Nurses need to consider how much the decline associated with aging is related to aging versus other _____ of ______. Such as ______ ____, _____ _______, and individual health practices.
- determinants of health
- socioeconomic status
- social support
36
What are some factors that influence older adults?
- physiological changes
- functional changes
- cognitive changed
- psychological changes
37
What are some PHYSICAL changes that affect older adults?
- changes associated with normal aging may combine to increase the risk of illness and functional deterioration
- grey hair, lined face, wrinkled hands, loss of sensation, skin changes, loss of hair, incontinence
- use of devices: ostomy, prosthetic, dentures,etc
- chronic or acute illness
38
What are some FUNCTIONAL changes that affect older adults?
- ADL's essential for independence
39
What might sudden changes in ability to perform ADL's mean?
may INDICATE ACUTE ILLNESS (pneumonia, UTI, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, delirium) or WORSENING CHRONIC ILLNESS ( heart disease, diabetes, arthritis)
40
What are some abnormal COGNITIVE changes that affect older adults?
ABNORMAL cognitive changes;
- confusion, disorientation, loss of language capability, inability to calculate, poor judgement, and DDD (delirium, dementia, depression)
- normal to experience some changes in ability
41
What are some PSYCHOSOCIAL changes that affect older adults?
- changes in ROLE RELATIONShIP
| - independence, finances, isolation/loneliness, sexuality, housing, death
42
How can nurses promote physiological health in older adults?
- individualized approach
- consider beliefs
- health maintenance programs
- screening tests
- recommend preventative measures (regular exercise, weight reduction, management of HTN, smoking cessation, immunization)
43
When is physiological intervention more critical?
- social isolation
- cognitive impairment
- stresses
44
What are some intervention techniques ?
- therapeutic communication
- touch
- cognitive stimulation
- reminiscence
- body image intervention
45
How can nurses promote functional health in older adults?
- promote understanding of age related changes
| - assess changes in the way ADL's are completed (watch for sudden changes)
46
What are some nursing education strategies?
- make sure client is ready to learn
- sit facing the client
- low voice tone
- give client the time to respond
- focus on one topic
- ask for feedback
- refer client to past experiences
- evaluate if any memory deficit
47
What is the goal of Gordon's function health pattern?
Assessment:
- each pattern to determine the individuals knowledge of health promotion
- the individual's ability to manate health promotion
- identifies the value the individual credits to health promotion
Purpose:
- leads to nursing diagnosis and effective care
48
What is gordon's functional pattern self-perception and self-concept?
Individual attitude about self:
- self, self ability
- body image, identity
- general sense of worth and emotional patterns
49
What is gordon's functional pattern role-relationship?
clients perception of major role and responsibilities in current life situation
50
What is self concept?
how one THINKS about oneself
51
What are the three components of self concept?
1. identity
2. body image
3. role performance
52
What is identity?
- being unique
- separate and district form others
- learn identity from self observation and what individual is told about themselves
- must learn to ingrate learned behaviours and social expectations in a unique way
- identity is expressed in relationships
- includes sexuality, gender, marital status
- culture identity, moral, peers, race, health
53
What is body image?
- involves attitudes r/t body (structure, function, appearance)
- feelings and mental image about body image r/t sexuality, femininity, masculinity, youthfulness, health and vitality
- some are distorted
- most experience some dissatisfaction
- affected by cognitive growth and normal development
54
What is role performance?
- way individual perceives their ability to carry out significant roles
- role behaviour develop through socialization
- role involve socialisation to expectations or standards of behaviour
- roles are learned behaviours approved by society
- people have many roles
- must learn to distinguish btw realistic and idea role expectations
55
Self concepts involve how a person perceives and evaluates themselves in what areas?
- vocational preformance
- intelectual performance
- personal performance
- sexual attractiveness
- how liked they are
- independent/dependant
- talents
56
What is self esteem?
- how one feels about oneself
- how you evaluate oneself
- overall sense of self worth
- affected by family support and income
- safe environments
57
What is questions r/t self perception & self concept?
- how would the person describe themselves?
- what does the person like about themselves?
- does the person perceive self as being well accepted by others?
- Is there anything unusual about the person's appearance?
- is the person able to express feelings to others?
58
What are some observable clues to assessing self-perception?
- identify confusion, altered body image
- eye contat, posture, appearance, mumbling
- foot shuffling, facial tension, body position
- willingness to express views and feelings
59
What does the nurse assess r/t self perception?
- descriptions of self
- physical appearance
- effect of illness, major life accomplishments and changes
60
What behaviours suggest altered self concept?
- eye avoidance
- slumped posture
- unkept appearance
- being overly apologetic
- hesitant in speech
- being overly critical
- frequent or inappropriate crying
- negative self evaluation
- being excessively dependant
- hesitancy to express views and opinions
- lack of interest in what is happening
- passive attitude
- difficulty in making decisions
61
How do nurses assess role relationship?
- assess clients perception of key relationships
| - assess observation of interactions with others
62
What are some questions to consider r/t role relationship?
- how does the person describe her/his various roles in life?
- how well does the person feel (s)he is fulfilling these roles?
- which relationships are the most important to the person at present?
- is there person going through any significant changes in role relationship? what are they?
63
What CHANGES in self-perception and role relationship occur DURING ADOLESCENTS?
- cognitive growth and physical development
- puberty&hormonal changes;early/delayed
- cultural&societal attitudes
- appearance; very self conscious, preoccupied with body changes
- strong need for peer acceptance
- self centred, idealistic, invincible
- increased time with friends
- high amounts of suicide, mental health issues
- low self esteem linked with risk behaviours
64
What CHANGES in self-perception and role relationship occur as an OLDER ADULT?
- Physical and functional, cognitive changes
- psychosocial changes
- culture
- environment
- lifestyle factors
- heredity
65
Nursing strategies to promote healthy self concepts in older adults and adolescents.
- active listening
- effective communication
- identify and encourage identification of untrue self beliefs and pattern of negative self talk
- reinforce personal strengths
- assist in changing negative perceptions of self and performance
- encourage participation in planning own care
- encourage them to participate actives in which they are successful in
66
What are some nursing strategies for older adults?
- reminiscence
- positive spin on aging
- help maintain appearance
- encourage part-time work in less stressful jobs
- encourage connection with memories
- encourage music, art, storytelling, quilting
- provide info on social support
67
What are some nursing strategies for adolescents?
- encourage increasing level of responsibility
- encourage discussion about issues they are concerned about
- show appreciation
- ask their opinions
- practice youth engagement strategies
- assist them in developing realistic goals
- encourage volunteer work
