Adolf Hitler

Question 1

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 1

Treaty signed after WW1 where Germany lost territories, were forced to pay reparations, and their army was limited. Led to widespread anger

Question 2

Weimar Republic

Answer 2

replacement government to the Second Reich formed in 1919 after WW1 that had a president, who was elected, a prime minister appointed by the president, and an elected Reichstag

Question 3

White émigrés

Answer 3

Tsarist nationalists who fled to Germany after the Russian revolution and claimed that Germany was struggling due to a Jewish-Bolshevik plot to undermine Germany society–Hitler adopted this around 1919

Question 4

NSDAP- National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)

Answer 4

Hitler’s main political party, that desired the union of all Germans, the repeal of the Treaty of Versilles, restricting citizenship to only Germans and excluding Jews and to gain more territory

Question 5

The SA

Answer 5

HItler’s paramilitary force that he formed in the beginning of the Nazi party

Question 6

Munich Putsch

Answer 6

1923- when Hitler attempted to sieze power in an armed uprising in Munich, but he miscalculated and was placed in jail, where he wrote Mein Kampf, but wasn’t punished very harshley

Question 7

Mein Kampf

Answer 7

Hitler’s autobiography that showed his hatred of Jews, communism, and beliefs that women were subservient to men

Question 8

Otto and Gregor Strasser

Answer 8

main opponents to Hitler between 1925-1930 and believed that the Nazi party should take more of a socialist approach, while Hitler wanted to focus on industry.

Question 9

Union of Revolutionary Socialists

Answer 9

a new political party made by Otto Strasser that was meant to serve as opposition to Hitler and challenge is authority, but failed miserably (his own brother didn’t even join) and he fled. This placed Hitler as the leader of the Nazi party

Question 10

Effect of Great Depression

Answer 10

led to increased Nazi support, since the Weimar Republic couldn’t handle it, and the lower middle class who felt at risk began to back the Nazis as a salvation

Question 11

Paul Von Hindenburg

Answer 11

president of Germany who would eventually appoint Hitler as Chancellor in 1933 after he had a successful campaign for president and he was assured that Hitler wouldn’t be dangerous

Question 12

Reichstag Fire

Answer 12

Feb, 1933- when a communist set fire to the Reichstag building and the Nazis used this event to campaign against other political parties, especially the communists

Question 13

Enabling Bill

Answer 13

a bill that would allow the German Chancellor to govern by personal decree without consulting the Reichstag, which the Nazis needed a 2/3 majority to pass- passed in March of 1933

Question 14

Gleichschaltung

Answer 14

Process where Hitler turned Germany into a one-party state through outlawing other political parties, outlawing unions, removed jews from public office, and convinced the Churchs to accept the Nazi regime

Question 15

The Night of Long Knives

Answer 15

June 1934, a violent purge where the leader of the SA, Ernst Rohm was shot and thousands of others in the SA were destroyed to make room for the standing army to take over

Question 16

Ernst Rohm

Answer 16

leader of Hitler’s SA, arrested and shot because Hitler accused him of planning a putsch. socialist revolutionary

Question 17

SS

Answer 17

new Nazi protective/squad/police that took the place of the destroyed SA after the Night of Long Knives

Question 18

Fuhrer

Answer 18

title Hitler claimed after the death of Hindenburg and his adoption of both the presidency and the chancellorship

Question 19

Gauleiters

Answer 19

local Nazi party secretaries who enforced nazi rule in local regions

Question 20

Heinrich Himmler

Answer 20

leader of the SS and brought all police forces under the authority of the SS

Question 21

Gestapo

Answer 21

a special branch of the SS that was dedicated to exposing and removing enemies of the state that had no restriction on arrest or methods of interrogation

Question 22

Wehrmacht

Answer 22

the new German army under Hitler who took an oath to follow under Hitler and not be independent of the government

Question 23

Hermann Goering

Answer 23

the chief of the German air force and responsible for the economic program of the Third Reich

Question 24

Nazi opposition from the Left

Answer 24

opposition largely stiffled by Hitler’s intense persecution of communists which forced it underground and it stayed mostly dormant as a result

Question 25

Schwartz Kapelle

Answer 25

loose organization that represented opposition to the Nazi party from the Right, made up of many aristocratic Germans and made a bomb plot but never really got anywhere

Question 26

The July Bomb Plot

Answer 26

1944, plot by a member of the military to explode Hitler with a bomb, the closest any assassination attempt got, but ultimately failed and was the last attempt by the military to oust him after the show trials for the conspirators

Question 27

Edelweiss and the White Rose Group

Answer 27

two youth opposition groups to Hitler that didn’t do much practical for opposition, but did represent opposition