Adolscence Flashcards
Long terms importance of meeting demands (2)
Dietary habits tracks from childhood to adulthood
Chronic diseases may be established early in life
What affects the rate of growth in the different parts of the body?(2)
Stage of development
Gender
How does gender affect rate of growth?(3)
Males have greater growth across the shoulders
Females have greater growth across the hips
This is due to hormone sensitivity of cartilage cells at these sites
Iron demands (3)
Increase in lean body mass and synthesis of the muscle protein myoglobin
Increase in blood volume
Onset of menstruation in girls
Protein demands (3)
Sustain growth
Maintenance of existing tissues
Deposition of new lean mass
What is inadequate iron status associated with (3)
IDA
Reduced exercise ability
Impaired cognitive function
Short term importance of meeting demands?(3)
Halt rising trend towards obesity and T2D
Avoid disordered eating and unsafe weight loss
Ensure adequate intake of micronutrients
Osteoblasts (2)
Secrete bone matrix
Bone deposition
Osteoclasts (3)
Secrete lysosomal enzymes, proteinases and hydrogen ions
Digest bone matrix
Bone resorption
Why is bone constantly resorbed?(2)
Maintain bone health
Contributes to serum calcium homeostasis
Lengthening of bones (3)
Cartilage cells within the epiphyseal plate multiply by mitosis
Diaphysis elongates by deposition of calcified cartilage at both ends
Fusion of diaphysis and epiphysis completes lengthening of bones
When does skeleton begin to lose mass?
Once peak bone mass has been achieved
Why is it important to maximise peak bone mass?
To reduce risk of osteoporosis later in life
What are the primary modifiable risk factors for low peak bone mass?(2)
Calcium intake
Weight bearing physical activity
Diet and lifestyle factors regulating bone growth (3)
PA stimulates bone mineralisation
Increased intakes of calcium promotes accumulation of bone mass
Must also have adequate vitamin D status
Energy requirements (4)
Relate to body size and growth velocity
Requirements greater in boys than girls due to greater lean body mass
Must also sustain higher levels of PA
Appetite increases to deliver energy needs
Problems for adolescence in relation to nutrition (7)
Meal skipping Snacking Eating away from home Weight control Sport Alcohol Smoking
Benefits associated with eating breakfast (3)
Superior nutritional profiles
Less likely to be overweight
I proved cognitive performance
Outcomes of snacking (3)
Higher energy intake from sugar
Higher total carb intake
Higher sodium intake
Female athlete triad (4)
Syndrome associated with high intensity activity
Includes: disordered eating, amenorrhea and bone disorders
Groups at risk of female athlete triad (4)
Gymnasts
Long distance runners
Dancers
Skaters
Consequences of female athlete triad (3)
Irreversible loss of bone mass density
Osteoporosis
Reproductive dysfunction
Eating away from home (3)
Higher in energy, fat, sugar and salt
Lower nutrient density
Food at home determine differences in nutrient intake
Dieting in adolescence (5)
Excluding energy intake to promote weight loss
Often restricts intakes of micronutrients
Negative impact due to a time of high demand
Associated with with body dissatisfaction
And lower levels of self esteem
