ADR's Flashcards by Roshan Patel

Which drugs are known to impair glucose tolerance?

Thiazides
Furosemide
Steroids
Tacrolimus
Ciclosporin
Interferon-alpha
Nicotinic acid
Anti-psychotics

Beta Blockers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why should beta blockers be used with caution in diabetics?

Slight impairment of glucose tolerance

Interfere with metabolic and autonomic response to hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which drugs are known to induce urinary retention?

Tricyclic antidepressants
Anticholinergics
Opioids
NSAID's
Disopyramide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give examples of tricyclic antidepressants

Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline
Trimipramine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give examples of anticholinergics

Atropine
Ipratropium
Tolterodine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is disopyramide used for?

Prevention and treatment of ventricular and supra ventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What drugs are known to cause lung fibrosis?

Amiodarone
Cytotoxic agents - bleomycin and bulsuphan
Anti-Rheumatoid - Methotrexate and Sulfasalazine
Nitrofurantoin
Ergot-derived dopamine agonists - bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which drugs are used to treat tuberculosis?

6 Months:
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid
2 Months:
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ADR’s associated with Rifampicin?

Liver enzyme inducer
Hepatitis
Orange secretions
Flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ADR’s associated with Isoniazid?

Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Agranulocytosis
Liver enzyme inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are the peripheral neuropathy effects of Isoniazid prevented?

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ADR’s associated with Pyrazinamide?

Hyperuricaemia - Gout
Arthralgia
Myalgia
Hepatitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ADR’s associated with Ethambutol?

Optic neuritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is important to know when prescribing ethambutol?

Check visual acuity pre and post treatment

Dose adjustment for renal impairment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the main side effects of glucocorticoids?

Endocrine - impaired glucose regulation, increased appetite, weight gain, hirsutism, hyperlipidaemia

Cushing’s syndrome

MSK - osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, avascular necrosis of femoral head

Immunosuppression

Psych - insomnia, depression, mania, psychosis

GI - peptic ulcer, acute pancreatitis

Ophthalm - glaucoma and cataracts

Intracranial hypertension

Suppression of growth in children

Neutrophilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the main side effects of mineralocorticoids?

Fluid retention

Hypertension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should you be aware of when prescribing long term steroids?

Double dose during illness

Gradual withdrawal if:

Pred >40mg daily >1wk
> 3wks of treatment or recently repeated courses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What common ADR’s are associated with Gentamicin and Vancomicin use?

Study These Flashcards

Nephrotoxicitiy

- Ototoxicity

What should you be aware of when prescribing antibiotics (specifically broad spectrum)?

Study These Flashcards

C Diff colitis

Common in cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin

What are the main ADR’s of ACE inhibitors?

Study These Flashcards

Hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
Dry cough

What are the main ADR’s of Beta Blockers?

Study These Flashcards

Hypotension
Bradycardia
CI in asthmatics
Worsen heart failure but help chronic
Impair glucose tolerance

What are the main ADR’s of Ca blockers

Study These Flashcards

Hypotension
Bradycardia
Peripheral oedema
Flushing

What are the main ADR’s of diuretics?

Study These Flashcards

Hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities (Key is K+ but also Ca2+ and Na+)
AKI

What are the main ADR’s associated with Digoxin use?

Study These Flashcards

Nausea
D&V
Blurred vision
Confusion
Xanthosia - disturbed yellow/green visual perception

Toxicity managed with Digibind

What are the main ADR's associated with amiodarone use?

Interstitial lung disease Thyroid disease Skin greying Corneal deposits

What are the ADR's of lithium?

Early - tremor Intermediate - tiredness Late - Seizures, arrhythmia's, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

What are the ADR's of antipsychotics?

Acute dystonia Akathisia Tardive dyskinesia Drowsiness Clozapine - agranulocytosis

What are the key ADR's of NSAID's?

``` Renal failure Systolic dysfunction - heart failure Asthma Indigestion Dyscrasia - clotting abnormality ```

What are the main ADR's of statins?

Myalgia Abdo pain Increased ALT/AST Rhabdomyolysis

What factors aggravate psoriasis?

Trauma Alcohol Drugs - beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials, NSAID's, ACE inhibitors, infliximab Withdrawal of systemic steroids

What are the CYP450 Inhibitors?

``` S - Sodium Valproate I - Isoniazid C - Cimetidine K - Ketoconazole F - Fluconazole A - Allopurinol C - Chloramphenicol E - Erythromycin S - SSRI's C - Ciprofloxacin O - Omeprazole M - Methotrexate ```

What are the CYP450 Inducers?

``` C - carbamazepine R - rifampicin A - Alcohol P - Phenytoin G - Goserulin P - Phenobarbitone S - Sulphonylureas/Smoking ```

Which drugs interact with alcohol?

``` NSAIDs Warfarin Metrinidazole and Disulfiram Metformin MAO inhibitors Barbituates, opioids, benzodiazepines ```

What may an NSAID alcohol interaction cause?

GI bleeding

What may a Warfarin alcohol interaction cause?

Increased anticoagulation

What may an alcohol metrinidazole/disulfiram interaction cause?

Sweating Flushing Nausea Vomiting

What may happen if alcohol and metformin interact?

Lactic Acidosis

What may happen if alcohol interacts with MAO inhibitors?

Hypertensive crisis

What may happen if alcohol interacts with barbituates, opioids or benzodiazepines?

Sedation

Which drugs can cause peptic ulcer disease?

NSAID's | Corticosteroids

Which drugs can cause renal impairment?

ACE inhibitors | NSAID's

What can exacerbate psoriasis?

``` Trauma Alcohol Beta blockers Lithium Antimalarials - chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine NSAID's ACEi Infliximab Steroid withdrawal ```

Which drugs may exacerbate heart failure?

Thiazolinediones - pioglitazone - fluid retention Verapamil - negative inotropic effect NSAID/glucocorticoid caution - fluid retention (apart from 75mg aspirin) Class I antiarrhythmics - negative inotropic and proarrhythmic effects

ADR's Flashcards

(43 cards)