Adrenal Masses

Question 1

are adrenal adenoma hyperfunctioning or nonhyperfunctioning

Answer 1

both

Question 2

Cushing syndrome (Hypercortisolism) excessive secretion assoc with

Answer 2

• administration of glucocorticoids for disorders such as astham, rheumatoid arthritis or transplant immunosuppression
• increased ACTH from a pituitary adenoma
• primary adrenal adenoma
• ectopic ACTH

Question 3

Conn Syndrome (Primary Aldosteronism) excessive aldosterone secretion assoc with

Answer 3

• adrenal adenomas

- bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia

Question 4

Hirsutism (overadbundance of hair) is caused by excessive androgen production as a result of

Answer 4

• congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• cushing syndrome
• pituitary tumor
• adrenocortical carcinoma
• ov tumors
• PCOS
• idiopathic

Question 5

Adenoma is in pt with a known

Answer 5

primary malignancy

Question 6

What is often performed to exclude metastic disease with adenomas

Answer 6

biopsy

Question 7

rare tumor with a poor prog

Answer 7

adrenal cortical carcinoma

Question 8

majority of pt with adrenal cortical carcinoma present with

Answer 8

cushings syndrome

mestastases disease

Question 9

Differentiation for adrenal cortical carcinoma

Answer 9

benign adenoma

Question 10

Tumor removal of adrenal cortical carcinoma is based on

Answer 10

size 3-6 cm

Question 11

adrenal cortical carcinoma have a tendency to invade the

Answer 11

renal v and ivc

Question 12

pheochromocytoma originate in the adrenal medulla nit may occur in ectopic locations like

Answer 12

along the paraaortic sympathetic nerve chain

Question 13

Most pheochromocytomas are

Answer 13

benign

Question 14

Pheochromocytomas secretes catecholamines

Answer 14

• nonrepinephrine

- epinephrine

Question 15

pheochromocytomas are assoc with

Answer 15

• multiple endocrine neopalsia

- von hippel lindau disease

Question 16

malignant tumor arising from the sympothetic nervous system

Answer 16

neuroblastoma

Question 17

neuroblastoma commonly occur in the

Answer 17

adrenal medulla but may also occur in the neck, chest or pelvis

Question 18

most common presentation is can be diagnosed of a neuroblastoma a

Answer 18

palp abd mass

Question 19

most common adrenal mass of infancy ans early childhood

Answer 19

neuroblastoma

Question 20

neuroblastoma can be diagnosed

Answer 20

prenatally, typically in the 3rd trimester

Question 21

neuroblastoma commonly occurs between ages

Answer 21

2 mons and 2 yrs

Question 22

sonographically, neuroblastoma is seen as a

Answer 22

solid mass that displaces the ipsilateral kidney inferiorly into the pelvis

Question 23

How is neuroblastoma different from Wilms tumor

Answer 23

Wilms tumors originates from and invades the kidneys

Question 24

neuroblastoma will have increased

Answer 24

blood and urine catecholamines

Question 25

neuroblastoma most abundant catecholamines

Answer 25

- epinephrine - noreppinephrine - dopamine

Question 26

majority of pt with neuroblastoma present with

Answer 26

metastatic disease

Question 27

benign, nonfunctioning adrenal masses that contain fat and bone elements

Answer 27

myelolipomas

Question 28

sonographically myelolipomas are seen as

Answer 28

hyper mass in adrenal bed

Question 29

myelolipomas assoc with

Answer 29

propagation speed artifact due to fat composition

Question 30

Adrenal involvement with lymphoma is

Answer 30

common and bilateral

Question 31

Adrenal involvement with lymphoma may be diffuse, resembling

Answer 31

hyperplasia or mass like

Question 32

most common cell type

Answer 32

nonhodgkins disease

Question 33

4th most common metastatic primary site after lungs, liver, and bone

Answer 33

adrenal gland

Question 34

Most common primary sites are

Answer 34

``` lungs breast skin kidneys thyroid colom ```

Question 35

differentiation for adrenal mestastatis is

Answer 35

unilateral adrenal mass *difficult in a pt with primary cancer

Question 36

Adrenal hemorrhage is most common in

Answer 36

neonates

Question 37

caused by their large size of the neonatal adrenals and their high degree of vascularity which make them vulnerable to birth trauma

Answer 37

adrenal hemorrhage

Question 38

Sonographically, the appearance fo an adrenal hemorrhage

Answer 38

varies due to blood coagulation

Question 39

Normal evolution of a hematoma ends with a

Answer 39

pseudocyst formation

Question 40

If a mass is identified adj to adrenal gland of a newborn, it is most likely a

Answer 40

hemorrhage