Adrenal Steroids, Fertility+Reproduction, Calcium+Bone Flashcards
A 34-year-old man is diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency. He does not require the administration of a mineralocorticoid because
A - the adrenal medulla is intact.
B - the zona glomerulosa is intact.
C - the zona reticularis is intact.
D - the zona fasciculata is intact.
E - 11β-hydroxylase is not inhibited.
B - the zona glomerulosa is intact.
A 54-year-old man has been diagnosed with hypertension caused by his excessive consumption of licorice. Licorice is a known inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that is involved in the inactivation of
A
cortisol.
B
aldosterone.
C
ACTH.
D
dehydroepiandrosterone.
E
progesterone.
A - cortisol
A 34-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease has been taking prednisone daily for 1 year. She has been experiencing a thickness in the back of her neck. This is likely due to a(n)
A
edema.
B
increase in muscle growth.
C
redistribution of lipid.
D
protein deposition.
E
ectopic thyroid tissue.
C
redistribution of lipid.
A 63-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis in his left knee is given an intra-articular injection of a glucocorticoid to decrease pain in his knee. An elevation in his blood sugar for the next 3 days is likely due to an effect of the glucocorticoid on
A
diminished peripheral glucose utilization.
B
increased protein breakdown.
C
activation of lipolysis.
D
increased glucose synthesis in the liver.
E
all of the above.
E
all of the above.
A 48-year-old woman with a chronic pulmonary disease is being treated with an inhaled glucocorticoid product. She is likely to experience which of the following side effects?
A
Buffalo hump
B
Acute adrenal insufficiency
C
Hyperglycemia
D
Oral candidiasis
E
Hepatitis
D
Oral candidiasis
A 43-year-old man with intestinal bypass surgery is at risk of developing a deficiency of
A
vitamin D.
B
calcium.
C
phosphorous.
D
vitamin C.
E
parathyroid hormone.
A
vitamin D.
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) is converted to its active form 1,25-OHD by the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase in the proximal renal tubules. 1α-hydroxylase is activated by a dietary deficiency of
A
potassium.
B
iron.
C
calcium.
D
zinc.
E
sodium.
C
calcium.
Calcitonin is a hormone produced and secreted from the thyroid parafollicular C cells and is regulated by the serum concentration of
A
potassium.
B
calcium.
C
zinc.
D
iron.
E
sodium.
B
calcium.
42-year-old man with lung cancer had a serum calcium measurement 1 month ago that was 9.0 mg/dL. He is hospitalized now with severe muscle weakness, fatigue, anorexia, and constipation. His serum calcium is 13.5 mg/dL. The severity of his symptoms is due to the
A
rate of rise in his serum calcium.
B
decrease in the intestinal excretion of calcium.
C
malabsorption of vitamin D.
D
formation of a parathyroid adenoma.
E
ingestion of large quantities of calcium.
A
rate of rise in his serum calcium.
A 35-year-old woman with a parathyroid adenoma is being treated with cinacalcet, a calcium sensor mimetic. The principal adverse event with this drug is
A
hyperphosphatemia.
B
hypercalcemia.
C
hypervitaminosis D.
D
decreased vitamin D absorption.
E
hypocalcemia.
E
hypocalcemia.
A 55-year-old woman is treated with a bisphosphonate drug to prevent osteoporosis during postmenopause. She should be cautioned about which of the following adverse events?
A
Congestive heart failure.
B
Tinnitus.
C
Macular degeneration.
D
Esophagitis.
E
Peripheral neuropathy.
D
Esophagitis
A 30-year-old woman is being started on birth control pills for the first time. She has a history of migraine headaches with aura. Therapy with which one of the following contraceptive formulations is contraindicated in this patient?
A
Levonorgestrel
B
Mifepristone
C
Norethindrone
D
Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
E
Ulipristal
D
Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
A 56-year-old woman with an intact uterus is being treated with hormone replacement therapy with a product that contains an estrogen/progestin combination (estradiol/norethindrone). The progestin is added to
A
decrease the risk of endometrial cancer.
B
decrease the incidence of breast cancer.
C
increase the effectiveness in treating vasomotor symptoms.
D
decrease the risk of coronary heart disease.
E
decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.
A
decrease the risk of endometrial cancer.
A 25-year-old woman is being treated with clomiphene for fertility. Clomiphene acts by
A
blocking estrogen effects on the uterus.
B
increasing FSH concentrations.
C
blocking progesterone effects on the ovary.
D
decreasing LH concentrations.
E
increasing progesterone secretion by the ovary.
B
increasing FSH concentrations.
A 51-year-old woman is beginning menopause. Hormone replacement therapy should be considered for therapy of her hot flashes as well as to decrease the risk of
A
coronary heart disease.
B
dementia.
C
thromboembolic disease.
D
bone fractures.
E
liver impairment.
D
bone fractures.
