adrenergic Flashcards
(25 cards)
adrenergic meds
activate adrenergic receptors
lead to similar responses as activating SNS
adrenergic meds also reffered to as
sympathomimetics bc its activates SNS
using a parasympatholytic also activates adrenergic receptors by blocking PSNS`
adrenergic meds 5 main adrenergic recpetors
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
also
Dopaminergic
Alpha 1
location
causes
located in peripheral blood vessel system
when stimulated produces:
*profuse body-wide vasoconstriction
*mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Alpha 1 primary uses
Hypotension
homeostasis
nasal decongestion
adjunct to local anesthesia usage
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Alpha 2
location
periphery: minimal consequences
CNS: lead to reduction of sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels
*theoretically will lead to a blockage of alpha 1 stimulation and thus vasodilation state within the periphery
alpha 2
end result
sedation
relaxation
hypotension
analgesia
Beta 1 (1 heart)
activation
primary uses
increased HR (this why beta blocker used in surgery)
increased contraction force (+inotropic)
primary use:
*Cardiac arrest
*HF
*shock
*AV block
beat 2
activation
dilation of bronchial smooth muscles
relaxation of uterine muscle
activation of glycogenolysis
*(conversion of glycogen to glucose within the liver)
beta 2 (2lungs)
primary uses
respiratory arrest (opens airway)
asthma (opens airway)
delay of pre-term labor
*(relax uterine muscle so baby stays in longer)
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
stimulates:
alpha 1
alpha 2 (peripherally)
beta 1
beta 2
exception to vasoconstriction
*in liver and skeletal muscles it may cause vasodilation in the arterioles
epinephrine (Adrenaline)
main uses
Hypotension
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
bronchodilation (beta 2)
in conjunction with local anesthetics
anaphylactic shock
cardiac arrest
epinephrine (Adrenaline)
SE/AR
hypertensive crisis
***(elevated BP, HA, change in vision, N/V)
cardiac dysrhythmias
angina pectoris
hyperglycemia
***(due to glycogenolysis response with beta 2)
norephinephrine (Levophed)
stimulates:
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
similar to epinephrine
***(just doesnt activated beta 2 (so no lung activity)
norepinephrine (Levophed)
main uses
severe hypotension (causes vasoconstriction)
utilized with cardiac arrest, AV block
with hypotension with decreased organ perfusion (shock)
norepinephrine (Levophed)
SE/AR
similar to epi
does not cause hyperglycemia
can cause loss of peripheral limb due to profuse vasoconstriction
comes down to life over limb
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Alpha 1
used primarily for short term hypotension
post operatively for wuick resolution of low BP
quick acting
will stress the heart
adrenergic antagonists
Does
Used for
block SNS trying to get PSNS
block alpha 1 response or to cause vasodilation
used for:
hypertension
pheochromocytoma (tumor atop adrenal gland causes SNS)
Raynauds disease (vasoconstriction of capilaries)
adrenergic antagonists
SE/AR
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
nasal congestion
inhibition of ejaculation (bc SNS blocked)
Nicotine
What does it release
crosses cell membranes easily and distributed thru body
crosses placental and mammary barriers and can be fatal to fetus
causes rapid release of norepinephrine (peripheral vasoconstriction) thruout body
more likely to have CVA or AMI than respratory issues
how nicotine works
nicotinic receptors being activated
higher doses cause nicotinic receptor blockade
***(treated as a poisoning)
nicotine absorption
deoends upon the delivery system:
cigarette smoking pulmonary system
cigar smoking and smokeless tobacco oral cavity
nicotine effects
Cardiac
GI
cardiac:
↑HR
↑BP
↑cardiac work
GI:
↑gastric secretions
↑tone and motility of GI smooth muscle
can promote vomiting
Nicotine
CNS effects
CNS:
temors
alertness
facilitates memory
improves cognitive function
reduces aggression
suppresses appetite
