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SBM Pharm term 1 > adrenergic antagonists > Flashcards

adrenergic antagonists Flashcards

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1
Q

how does prazosin work?

A

blocks a1 receptor on arterioles and veins, inhibiting NE

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2
Q

how is prazosin given?

A

oral or transdermal

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3
Q

where is prazosin metabolized?

A

liver

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4
Q

prazosin toxicity/interactions

A

hypotension - especially when combined with diuretics

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5
Q

name three adrenergic antagonists selective for a1

A
  • prazosin
  • tamsulosin
  • doxazosin
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6
Q

name an adrenergic antagonist selective for a2

A

yohimbine

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7
Q

name two adrenergic antagonists selective for b1

A
  • atenolol

- metoprolol

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8
Q

name an adrenergic antagonist selective for b2

A

butoxamine

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9
Q

name two adrenergic antagonists selective for a1 and a2

A
  • phentolamine

- phenoxybenzamine

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10
Q

name two adrenergic antagonists selective for b1 and b2

A
  • propranolol

- nadolol

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11
Q

name an adrenergic antagonist that can inhibit alpha and beta

A

labetalol

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12
Q

how does tamulosin work?

A

selectively blocks a1, but preferentially in prostate, relaxation of smooth muscle and improvement of urine flow, reducing obstructive effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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13
Q

how is tamulosin metabolized?

A

CYP 450 enzymes

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14
Q

tamulosin half life

A

6 hours, full life up to 15 hours due to slow absorption

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15
Q

tamulosin interactions

A
  • additive with diuretics
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16
Q

special considerations with tamulosin

A
  • rule out prostate cancer first
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17
Q

why prescribe tamulosin?

A

symptoms of BPH

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18
Q

how does phentolamine work?

A

blocks a1 and a2, decreases preload and after load

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19
Q

how take phentolamine?

A

IV only

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20
Q

phentolamine toxicity?

A
  • hypotension

- syncope

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21
Q

phentolamine interactions

A
  • antihypertensives, particularly diuretics
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22
Q

phentolamine indications

A
  • Dx of pheo
  • prevention of dermal sloughing after extravasation of NE infusion
  • treat hypertension due to sympathomimetic amines
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23
Q

how does atenolol work?

A

binds directly to b1 receptors, lowers blood pressure

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24
Q

how take atenolol?

A

oral or IV

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25
atenolol toxicity?
- hypotension - bradycardia - can worsen severe CHF or asthma
26
atenolol interactions
- additive with most antihypertensives | - additive AV block with CEB's
27
special considerations for atenolol
- useful with hypertensive patient with exertional angina, MI, a-fib,
28
indications for atenolol
hypertension
29
how does propranolol work?
binds directly to b1 and b2, lowers blood pressure
30
half lives and metabolism of beta blockers
metoprolol - liver metabolism, shorter half life | atenolol and propranolol - renal excretion, longer half life
31
how take propranolol?
IV or oral
32
propranolol interactions
- additive with antihypertensives
33
propranolol indications
hypertension
34
how does labetolol work?
blocks NE from getting to alpha and beta receptors, lowers BP
35
labetolol metabolism
by liver IID6
36
how take labetolol?
IV bolus followed by continuous infusion | there are also oral tablets
37
labetolol indications
hypertension
38
phentolamine half life
19 minutes, very short
39
phentolamine metabolism
hepatic
40
phenoxybenzamine pharmacodynamics
irreversibly binds to a1 and a2 receptors
41
phenoxybenzamine indications
- hypertension | - hypoplastic left heart syndrome
42
phenoxybenzamine half life
24 hours
43
phenoxybenzamine routes
oral
44
labetolol half life
6-8 hours oral | 5.5 hours IV
45
labetolol excretion/metabolism
- hepatic pass metabolism | - excreted in urine, not removed by hemodialysis
46
labetolol F
25%, which is why you need bolus dose
47
sotalol class
- b-blocker | - potassium channel blocker
48
sotalol indications
- hypertension | - cardiac arrhythmias
49
sotalol half life
12 hours
50
sotalol 95%
high
51
sotalol metabolism/excretion
not metabolized | renal excretion
52
metoprolol class
b-blocker
53
metoprolol F
12%
54
metoprolol half life
3-7 hours
55
metoprolol indications
- hypertension - angina - acute MI - v-tach - sv-tach - CHF
56
metoprolol metabolism/excretion
- hepatic CYP | - renal excretion
57
metropolol is most equivalent to:
atenolol
58
carvedilol is most equivalent to:
labetalol
59
carvedilol pharmacodynamics
non-selective b-blocker and a1 blocker, blocks NE from binding, lowers HR and contractility
60
carvedilol indications
- mild to severe CHF
61
prazosin F and protein binding
F 60%, protein binding 97%
62
prazosin half life
2-3 hours

SBM Pharm term 1 (9 decks)

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