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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Amphetamine

A

Action: Release of catecholamines from nerve terminals; indirect-acting sympathomimetic.

Uses: ADHD; narcolepsy; abuse/addiction.

Toxicity: Hypertension; MI; stroke; priapism.

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2
Q

Cocaine

A

Action: Blocks reuptake of catecholamines into nerve terminals.

Uses: Topical nasal anesthesia; nasal bleeding.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; vasoconstriction; arrhythmia; angina; vasoconstriction; hallucinations; mydriasis.

Other: Has local anesthetic action independent of its actions on catecholamine transporter.

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3
Q

Ephedrine

A

Action: Mixed-acting sympathomimetic; increases the activity of NE at adrenergic receptos.

Uses: Acute bronchcospasm; anesthesia-related hypotension; OTC nasal decongestant.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; arrhythmia; hypertension.

Other: Contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma and BPH.

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4
Q

Imipramine

A

Action: Tricyclic anti-depressant; inhibits catecholamine uptake into nerve terminal.

Uses: Depression.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; constipation; urinary retention; disorientation.

Other: Also acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist.

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5
Q

Alpha-methyl tyrosine (metyrosine)

A

Action: Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (inhibition of DOPA production).

Uses: Pheochromocytoma.

Toxicity: Diarrhea; anxiety; hallucinations.

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6
Q

Alpha-methyldopa

A

Action: Converted to alpha-methyl-norepinephrine, which acts as a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist; decreases sympathetic outflow.

Uses: Hypertension.

Toxicity: Orthostatic hypotension; bradycardia; sedation; headache.

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7
Q

Reserpine

A

Action: Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) and prevents loading of DOPA into presynaptic vesicles; reduces NE release.

Uses: Hypertension; antipsychotic.

Toxicity: Arrhythmia; bradycardia; sexual dysfunction; headache; depression.

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8
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Action: MAO inhibitor.

Uses: Depression.

Toxicity: Hypotension; sexual dysfunction; increased risk of suicide.

Other: Hypertensive crisis if consume foods high in tyramine.

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9
Q

Albuterol

A

Action: Beta-2-adrenergic agonist.

Uses: Bronchospasm.

Other: Also available combined with ipratropium (Combivent®).

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10
Q

Clonidine

A

Action: Selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist (CNS acting).

Uses: Hypertension; ADHD.

Toxicity: Hypotension; bradycardia; sexual dysfunction.

Other: Acts in the CNS to decrease sympathetic outflow.

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11
Q

Dobutamine

A

Action: Selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist (also has some alpha-1-adrenergic agonist activity).

Uses: Increase cardiac output.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; hypertension.

Other: Low doses preferentially increase force over rate of contraction of heart; higher doses increase both and used for stress tests.

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12
Q

Dopamine

A

Uses: Agonist at dopamine, beta-adrenergic , and alpha-1-adrenergic recceptors.

Uses: Shock (especially w/ renal shutdown); heart failure; bradycardia.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; vasoconconstriction; local necrosis.

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

Action: Adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Anaphylaxis; bronchospasm; cardiac arrest.

Toxicity: Anxiety; arrhythmia; nausea; local necrosis.

Other: Produces mydriasis; preferentially binds beta-2 at low doses (decreased vascular resistance); binds beta-2 and alpha-1 at high doses (increased vascular resistance).

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14
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Action: Selective D1-dopamine receptor agonist; vasodilator of renal and mesenteric vasculature.

Uses: Severe hypertension.

Toxicity: Hypotension; tachycardia.

Other: Short-term IV administration for up to 48 hours.

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15
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Bradycardia; heart block; bronchospasm; hypoperfusion states.

Toxicity: Blurred vision; tachycardia; hypotension.

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16
Q

Midodrine

A

Action: Selective alpha-1-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Orthostatic hypotension.

Toxicity: Hypertension; bradycardia.

17
Q

Mirabegron

A

Action: Selective beta-3-adrenergic agonist (~95% of beta receptors in bladder are B3).

Uses: Overactive bladder; urinary incontinence.

Toxicity: Tachycardia; hypertension.

18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Action: Adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Restoration of blood pressure in acute hypotensive states; adjunctive treatment in cardiac arrest.

Toxicity: Arrhythmia; hypertension; bradycardia; extravasation necrosis.

Other: Pharmacologically administered NE not effective at beta-2-adrenergic receptors.

19
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Action: Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Nasal congestion.

Toxicity: Hypertension; bradycardia; CNS stimulation; headache; urinary retention.

20
Q

Salmeterol

A

Action: Long-acting selective beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Asthma; exercise-induced bronchospasm; COPD.

Toxicity: Paradoxical bronchospasm and asthma-related death; tachycardia; arrhythmia.

Other: Contraindicated without concomitant long-term asthma control medication (available combined with fluticasone, i.e. Advair®).

21
Q

Terbutaline

A

Action: Selective beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Uses: Bronchospasm; premature labor.

Toxicity: Tachycardia.

22
Q

Atenolol

A

Action: Selective beta-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Uses: Hypertension; angina; myocardial infarction; migraine prophylaxis.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment.

23
Q

Carvedelol

A

Action: Both selective alpha-1- and non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; congestive heart failure.

Toxicity: Bradycardia; heart block; bronchoconstriction.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment; alpha:beta blockade > 1:10; “biased agonist” at beta-1-receptor.

24
Q

Labetalol

A

Action: Selective alpha-1- and non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension.

Toxicity: Bradycardia; heart block; bronchoconstriction; impaired ejaculation.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment; alpha:beta blockade ~1:3- 1:7.

25
Q

Metopralol

A

Action: Beta-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; angina; CHF.

Toxicity: Bradycardia; bronchospasm.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment.

26
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Action: Selective alpha-2-adrenergic antagonist; also 5-HT2 antagonist (seratonin receptors).

Usage: Depression.

Toxicity: Abnormal thinking and dreams; arrhythmia.

Other: Increases risk of suicide…hmmmm.

27
Q

Nadolol

A

Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; angina; ventricular arrhythmia; vascular and migraine headache prophylaxis.

Toxicity: Bradycardia; arrhythmia; bronchospasm.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment; relatively long-acting.

28
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Action: Covalent (long-acting) alpha-adrenergic antagonist.

Usage: Pheochromocytoma (treatment).

Toxicity: Orthostatic (positional) hypotension; tachycardia; miosis; sexual dysfunction; nasal congestion.

Other: Alkylates the alpha-adrenergic receptor; causes “non-equilibrium blockade”.

29
Q

Phentolamine

A

Action: Reversible (short-acting) alpha-adrenergic antagonist.

Usage: Dx of pheochromocytoma; extravasation necrosis; reversal of local dental anasthesia.

Toxicities: Orthstatic hypotension; tachycardia; nasal congestion; diarrhea.

Other: Short acting (as opposed to phenoxybenzamine).

30
Q

Prazosin

A

Action: Alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; BPH (relax sphincters).

Toxicities: Orthostatic hypotension.

Other: Less tachycardia than nonselective antagonists.

31
Q

Propanolol

A

Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; angina; congestive heart failure; arrhythmia; essential tremor; migraine.

Toxicities: Bradycardia; bronchoconstriction; heart block; depression/sedation.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment.

32
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Action: Selective alpha-1A- and alpha-1D-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Usage: Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Toxicities: Orthostatic hypotension; decreased libido.

Other: Also used to facilitate expulsion of kidney stones; tradename Flomax.

33
Q

Timolol

A

Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Usage: Hypertension; angina; post-MI CV event prevention; migraine prophylaxis; glaucoma.

Toxicity: Bradycardia; bronchospasm; headache; impotence.

Other: Risk of MI and angina if abrupt cessation of treatment.

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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