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Neuro II Exam I > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Effect of alpha 1 receptors at vascular smooth muscle

A

Contraction

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2
Q

Effect of alpha 1 receptors at pupillary dilator muscle

A

Contraction (dilates pupil)

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3
Q

Effect of alpha 1 receptors at the prostate

A

Contraction

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4
Q

Effect of alpha 1 receptors on the heart

A

Increases force of contraction

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5
Q

Effect of alpha 2 receptors on platelets

A

Aggregation

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6
Q

Effects of alpha 2 receptors on adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals

A

Inhibits transmitter release

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7
Q

Effect of alpha 2 receptors on some vascular smooth muscle

A

Contraction

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8
Q

Effect of alpha 2 receptors on fat cells

A

Inhibits lipolysis

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9
Q

Effect of beta 1 receptors on the heart and juxtaglomerular cells

A

Increases force and rate of contraction; increases renin release

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10
Q

Effect of beta 2 receptors on respiratory, uterine and vascular smooth muscle

A

Promotes smooth muscle relaxation

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11
Q

Effect of beta 2 receptors on skeletal muscle

A

Promotes potassium uptake

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12
Q

Effects of beta 2 receptors on the human liver

A

Activates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

Effects of beta 3 receptors on the bladder

A

Relaxes the detrusor muscle

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14
Q

Effects of beta 3 receptors on fat cells

A

Activates lipolysis

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15
Q

Effects of D1 receptors on smooth muscle

A

Dilated renal blood vessels

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16
Q

Effect of D2 receptors on nerve endings

A

Modulates transmitter release

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17
Q

Effect of beta 1 receptors on the posterior pituitary

A

ADH release

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18
Q

Effect of beta 1 receptors on adipose tissue

A

Lipolysis

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19
Q

Effect of beta 2 receptors on adipose tissue

A

Lipolysis

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20
Q

Effect of beta 2 receptors on the eye

A

Enhanced aqueous secretion

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21
Q

What are the adrenergic pressor agents? (6)

A

Norepinephrine, ephedrine, dopamine, phenylephrine, methoxamine

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22
Q

What are the adrenergic bronchodilators? (6)

A

Isoprenaline, Salbutamol (albuterol), Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Bambuterol

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23
Q

What are the adrenergic CNS stimulants? (4)

A

Amphetamine, Dexamphetamine, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate

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24
Q

What are the adrenergic uterine relaxants? (4)

A

Riot drone, Isoxsuprine, Salbutamol, Terbutaline

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25
What are the adrenergic cardiac stimulants? (3)
Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, Dobutamine
26
What are the adrenergic nasal decongestants? (6)
Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline, Naphazoline, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pseudoephedrine
27
What are the adrenergic anorectics? (4)
Amphetamine, Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine, Sibutramine
28
What are the effects of epinephrine on cardiac function and which receptors does it use?
Beta 1 receptors | Effects: increases the force of contraction, increases heart rate, increases conduction velocity at AV node
29
What are the effects of epinephrine on vascular tone and what receptors does it use?
Receptors: beta 2 and alpha 1 Effects: increases systolic BP, may decrease diastolic BP and total peripheral vascular resistance
30
What are the effects of epinephrine on the respiratory system and what receptors does it use?
Effects: relaxes bronchial muscle (beta 2), decreases bronchial secretion and congestion with bronchial mucosa (alpha 1)
31
What are the effects of epinephrine on skeletal muscle and what receptor does it use?
Receptor: beta 2 Effects: causes muscle tremor, increases K+ uptake by skeletal muscle (promotes hypokalemia and decreases K+ excretion by kidneys)
32
What are the effects of epinephrine on blood glucose levels and what receptor does it use?
Receptor: beta 2 Effects: elevates blood glucose levels because it enhances glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
33
What effect does epinephrine have on free fatty levels and which receptor?
Receptor: beta receptors Effect: increases free fatty levels
34
What effect does epinephrine have on renin release and what receptor does it use?
Receptor: beta 1 Effect: increases renin release
35
Order of receptors for epinephrine?
Alpha 1 = alpha 2; beta 1 = beta 2
36
Order of receptors for norepinephrine?
Alpha 1 = alpha 2; beta 1 >> beta 2
37
What effect does norepinephrine have on the heart?
Cardiac stimulant but reduces heart rate | Increases peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
38
What effect does norepinephrine have on blood vessels?
Potent vasoconstrictor
39
Does norepinephrine have effects on bronchodilator or vasodilation?
No - lacks beta 2 agonist effects
40
Name two alpha adrenergic agonists
Phenylephrine and Clonidine
41
Order of receptors for phenylephrine
Alpha agonist alpha 1 > alpha 2 >>>>> beta
42
Order of receptors for clonidine
Selective alpha 2 agonist | Alpha 2 > alpha 1 >>>>> beta
43
What are the effects of phenylephrine?
- effective mydriasis and decongestant | - causes severe vasoconstriction, blood pressure elevation, and severe bradycardia
44
Effects of clonidine?
Central effects on alpha 2 receptors in the lower brainstem - decreases sympathetic outflow - Reduction ion blood pressure - Bradycardia Local application produces vasoconstriction
45
Name four beta adrenergic agonists
Isoproterenol, Dobutamine, terbutaline, albuterol
46
Order of receptors for isoproterenol
Non-selective beta agonist | Beta 1 = beta 2 >>>> alpha
47
Order of receptors for Dobutamine
Selective beta 1 agonist | Beta 1 > beta 2, alpha 1
48
Effects of isoproterenol? Which receptors?
- positive ionotropic and chronotropic action -> increases cardiac output (beta 1) - vasodilator, decreases arterial pressure (beta 2) - causes bronchodilation (beta 2)
49
Order of receptors for terbutaline and albuterol?
Selective beta 2 agonists | Beta 2 > beta 1 >>>> alpha
50
Effects of dobutamine? Which receptors?
- potent ionotropic action - less prominent chronotropic action as compared to isoproterenol Effects at alpha 2 receptor activity: - (-) isomer is an agonist at these receptors while (+) isomer is an alpha 1 antagonist
51
Effects of terbutaline and albuterol?
Cause bronchodilation and relaxation of uterus
52
Order of receptors for dopamine?
D1 = D2 >> beta 1 >> alpha 1
53
Effects of dopamine? Which receptors?
- D1 stimulation causes vasodilation (high density in renal, cerebral, mesenteric, and coronary vessels) - D2 at presynaptic neuron - suppresses norepinephrine release - Beta 1 - activates at high doses - at even higher doses, stimulates vascular alpha 1 to cause vasoconstriction
54
What are the clinical uses of adrenergic agonists? (10)
1. Hypotension and shock 2. Heart failure 3. Hypertension 4. Emergency therapy for complete AV block & cardiac arrest 5. Decongestion of mucous membranes 6. Bronchial asthma 7. Anaphylaxis 8. Ophthalmic applications: induction of mydriasis, glaucoma 9. Genitourinary applications: urinary incontinence, priapism 10. CNS conditions: narcolepsy, ADHD, obesity
55
What are the cardiovascular adverse effects of adrenergic agonists? (3)
1. Elevation in blood pressure 2. Increased cardiac work may precipitate MI and HF 3. Sinus tachycardia and serious ventricular Arrhythmias (sudden cardiac death resulting)
56
What are the adverse effects of adrenergic agonists on the CNS? (5)
1. Insomnia 2. Lack of appetite 3. Anxiety, restlessness 4. Psychoses (paranoid state, hallucinations) 5. Convulsions and hemorrhagic stroke (cocaine)
57
What are the direct acting adrenergic agonists?
Selective: alpha1 - phenylephrine, alpha 2 clonidine, beta 1 dobutamine, beta 2 terbutaline Non-selective - alpha 1 alpha2 - oxymetazoline, beta 1 beta 2 - isoproterenol, alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2 - epinephrine, alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 - norepinephrine
58
What are the mixed acting adrenergic agonists?
Ephedrine
59
What are the indirect acting adrenergic agonists?
Releasing agents - amphetamine & tyramine Uptake inhibitor - cocaine MOA inhibitors - selegiline COMT inhibitors - entacapone
60
What are the alpha receptor adrenergic receptor antagonists?
Nonselective: phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine Alpha 1 - selective: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzzosin, tamsulosin, indoramin, rapidity, bunazosin Alpha 2 - selective: yohimbine
61
What are the beta receptor adrenergic receptor antagonists?
Non-selective: nadolol, penbutolol, pindolol, propranolol, timolol, sotalol, levobunolol, metipranolol Beta 1 selective: acebutolol, atenolol, bishop roll, Espolon, metoprolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivolol Non-selective: carteolol, carvedilol, bucindolol, labetaolol

Neuro II Exam I (3 decks)

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