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UNMC PA Pharmacology > Adrenergics > Flashcards

Adrenergics Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Sympathomimetics can be __ acting, ___ acting, ___ and ___ acting

A

Direct, indirect, mixed

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2
Q

Direct acting sympathomimetics are agonists of ___ receptors

A

Alpha and beta

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3
Q

Indirect acting sympathomimetics MOAs

A

Promote NE release, inhibit NE reuptake, or inhibit NE activation

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4
Q

Catecholamine drugs

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

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5
Q

Catecholamines are administered ___

A

By injection or inhalation

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6
Q

Catecholamines do/don’t cross the BBB

A

Don’t

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7
Q

Non-catecholamine sympathomimetics include:

A

Phenylephrine
Terbutaline

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8
Q

Receptor subtype selectivity depends on subtle changes in the ______ backbone

A

phenylethylamine

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9
Q

Alpha 1receptors are located in

A

Vascular smooth muscle
Iris radial muscle

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10
Q

Alpha 1 receptor functions

A

Vasoconstriction
Mydriasis without cycloplegia

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11
Q

Alpha 2 receptors are located in

A

Brainstem
Eye ciliary body

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12
Q

Alpha 2 receptor functions

A

Decrease sympathetic outflow to heart and vasculature
Decrease blood pressure
Decrease aqueous humor secretion
Decrease intraocular pressure (glaucoma)

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13
Q

Beta 1 receptor location

A

Heart

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14
Q

Beta 1 receptor functions

A

Cardiac stimulation

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15
Q

Beta 2 receptors locations

A

Bronchi
Uterus

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16
Q

Beta 2 receptor functions

A

Dilates bronchioles
Relaxes uterus
Decreases BP via vasodilation

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17
Q

Epinephrine can use which receptors?

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2

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18
Q

Effects of epinephrine on vasculature

A

Reduced cutaneous blood flow
Can decrease (a1, low doses) or increase (B2, high doses) skeletal muscle blood flow
Controls MAP
Increase coronary blood flow (increase NO release)
Decrease renal blood flow

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19
Q

Respiratory effects of epinephrine

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (B2)

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20
Q

Clinical uses of epinephrine

A

Increase duration of local anesthetic
Anaphylactic shock
Asthma
Topical hemostasis
Cardiac arrest

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21
Q

Frequent use of epinephrine for bronchodilation can cause

A

Tolerance via adrenergic receptor down regulation

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22
Q

Adverse effects of epinephrine

A

Hypertension
Arrhythmias
Angina
Necrosis if IV blows

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23
Q

Epinephrine drug interactions

A

General anesthetics
Alpha and beta blockers - reduce Epi efficacy
MAOIs
Tricyclic antidepressants

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24
Q

Norepinephrine acts on which receptors?

Study These Flashcards
A

a1, a2, and B1

25
Clinical uses of norepinephrine
Severe hypotension Vasopressor for septic shock
26
Isoproterenol acts on which receptors?
B1 and B2
27
Dopamine acts on what kind of receptors?
Dopaminergic (D1) Has smaller effect on B1 and a1
28
Dopamine cardiovascular effects
Low dose: renal and coronary artery dilation Medium dose: increase CO and stroke volume (not HR) High dose: peripheral vasoconstriction, reduces CO by increasing afterload
29
When all adrenergic receptors are stimulated, which one predominates?
a1
30
Dopamine increases/decreases urine output
Increases (increased blood flow to kidneys)
31
Clinical uses of dopamine
Shock/sepsis to maintain BP
32
Phenylephrine acts on __ receptors
a1
33
Phenylephrine causes vaso______
Vasoconstriction
34
Clinical uses of phenylephrine
Nasal decongestant Vasopressor Mydriatic
35
Adverse effects of phenylephrine
Hypertension Reflex bradycardia Restlessness Arrhythmias
36
Clonidine activates ___ receptors
a2 (presynaptic autoreceptor)
37
Clonidine MOA
Reduces sympathetic outflow from CNS to heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure
38
Terbutaline activates ___ receptors
B2
39
Clinical uses of terbutaline
Decrease airway resistance in asthmatics Tocolytic (suppress premature labor by relaxing uterine smooth muscle
40
Clinical uses of ephedrine
Nasal decongestion Reversal of anesthesia induced hypotension
41
Ephedrine is controlled because it can be used to make ___
Methamphetamine
42
Amphetamine MOA
Promote release of NE and dopamine and inhibit their reuptake
43
Clinical uses of amphetamine
ADHD (adderall) Narcolepsy
44
Adverse effects of amphetamine
Appetite suppression/growth retardation in children Dependence/withdrawal/abuse Insomnia
45
Adrenergic antagonists
Prazosin Tamsulosin Propranolol Atenolol
46
Alpha 1 blockers clinical uses
Hypertension Reynauds BPH Antidote of alpha 1 antagonist overdose
47
Beta 1 blocker clinical uses
Hypertension Angina/MI Hyperthyroidism Glaucoma CHF Migraine prevention
48
Alpha 1 blockers
Prazosin Tamsulosin
49
Prazosin MOA
Dilation of vessels Relaxes bladder neck and prostate
50
Tamsulosin is different from Prazosin because ___
It favors blocking of prostate and bladder smooth muscle with little effect on blood pressure (acts specifically on a1A receptors)
51
Beta blockers
Propanolol Atenolol
52
Propanolol cardiovascular effects
Decrease HR and contractility Intitially raises BP but long-term reduces BP
53
Propanolol suppresses release of ___
Renin
54
Propanolol causes broncho____
Bronchoconstriction
55
Adverse effects of Propanolol
Fatigue Coldness Sexual dysfunction Bradycardia
56
Contraindications of propanolol
Diabetes Heart failure Asthma/COPD
57
Why should diabetics not take propanolol?
Decreases glycogenolysis (can’t respond to hypoglycemia)
58
Atenolol is a B_ selective antagonist
B1

UNMC PA Pharmacology (23 decks)

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