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PA2131 Pharmacology > Adrenergics and Antiadrenergics > Flashcards

Adrenergics and Antiadrenergics Flashcards

1
Q

Which receptors do the autonomic nervous system parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the HEART act on?

A

Parasympathetic: M2 receptors
Sympathetic: Beta-1 receptors

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2
Q

Which receptors do the autonomic nervous system parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the LUNGS act on?

A

Parasympathetic: M3 receptors
Sympathetic: Beta-2 receptors

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3
Q

Name a drug that would have a direct sympatholytic effect on eccrine sweat glands?

A

Atropine or any other drug acting as an antagonist at M3 receptors

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4
Q

Which subtype of dopamine receptors is important on renal blood vessels?

A

D1

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5
Q

What is the major renal effect of dopamine?

A

Increased diuresis

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6
Q

Why is propranolol is not suitable for treatment of glaucoma?

A

Propranolol has local anaesthetic-like direct membrane effects which block the protective blink reflex.

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7
Q

Beta blockers selected for ophthalmic use for the treatment of glaucoma have little or no….

A

Low lipophilicity and hence low local anaesthetic-like direct membrane effect

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8
Q

When is postural hypotension in a patient prescribed an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist is likely to be worst?

A

After the first dose

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9
Q

What is a common adverse effect of all alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists?

A

Dry mouth

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10
Q

What adverse effect is commonly caused by alpha adrenoceptor antagonists that cross the blood brain barrier?

A

Drowsiness

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11
Q

Classify the prazosin according to the nature of its adrenergic/antiadrenergic activity.

A

Direct sympatholytic alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist

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12
Q

Classify the betaxolol according to the nature of its adrenergic/antiadrenergic activity.

A

Direct sympatholytic beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist

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13
Q

Ephedrine is a/an

A

Indirect sympathomimetic increasing availability of norepinephrine through competing with norepinephrine for reuptake and vesicular reuptake while competitively inhibiting monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). It also has direct alpha and beta-adrenoceptor agonist activity.

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14
Q

A direct antiadrenergic prescribed for patients with angina pectoris?

A

Propranolol (or other beta-blockers)

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15
Q

Nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of
glaucoma?

A

Timolol

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16
Q

Selective beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of
glaucoma?

A

Betaxolol

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17
Q

Non-selective direct alpha-adrenoceptor agonist used as a decongestant?

A

Oxymetazoline

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18
Q

An indirect sympathomimetic drug that blocks presynaptic reuptake of noradrenaline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

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19
Q

Effect of activation of the sympathetic nervous system on airways?

A

Bronchodilation and increase mucociliary clearance

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20
Q

Precursor of norepinephrine in the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system

A

Dopamine

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21
Q

Rate limiting enzyme in epinephrine synthesis

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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22
Q

List the receptors activated in effector organs by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Alpha-1 and -2 adrenoceptors, beta-1, -2, and -3 adrenoceptors , D1, M3

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23
Q

Effect of activation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors on the pupil of the eye?

A

Dilation of the pupil (mydriasis)

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24
Q

Activation of alpha-1 and beta adrenoceptors in the eye BLURS…

A

Accommodation for near vision

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25
Q

What is the effect of ANTAGONISM of beta-1 adrenoceptors in the ciliary body of the eye on intraocular pressure (IOP)

A

Reduces intraocular pressure

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26
Q

Activation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors generally shuts down…

A

GIT & visceral functions

27
Q

Effect of activation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors on visceral blood vessels?

A

Vasoconstriction

28
Q

Effect of activation of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the salivary glands?

A

Inhibits salivation

29
Q

Effect of activation of beta-3 adrenoceptors on the bladder?

A

Relaxation

30
Q

Activation of which adrenoceptor subtype induces bronchodilation in the
lungs?

A

Beta-2

31
Q

Activation of which adrenoceptor subtype has positive chronotropic and
inotropic cardiac effects?

A

Beta-1

32
Q

Activation of which adrenoceptor subtype vasodilates blood vessels
supplying skeletal muscle?

A

Beta-2

33
Q

Effect of activation of alpha adrenoceptors on visceral blood vessels on blood pressure?

A

Vasoconstricts increasing systemic blood pressure

34
Q

Major adrenoceptors involved in increasing GLYCOGENOLYSIS (

breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver to release glucose)

A

Beta-2 and Alpha-1

35
Q

Activation of beta-3 adrenoceptors on fat cells…

A

Increases lipolysis

36
Q

Which adrenoceptor is important for the contraction of gastrointestinal and
urinary tract sphincters?

A

Alpha-1

37
Q

Which adrenoceptors are important for secretions and motility along the
gastrointestinal tract?

A

Alpha-1, Alpha-2 & Beta-2

38
Q

Relaxation of bladder muscle inhibits urination. Activation of which
adrenoceptor relaxes bladder muscle?

A

Beta-3

39
Q

During late pregnancy activation of which adrenoceptor can relax the uterus
and delay childbirth?

A

Beta-2

40
Q

Antagonism of alpha-1 adrenoceptors in the male reproductive system blocks…

A

Ejaculation

41
Q

Sympathomimetic especially useful for cardiac resuscitation in patients renal
failure due to insufficient renal blood flow?

A

Dopamine

42
Q

Beta-3 selective adrenergic agonist used to treat overactive bladder?

A

Mirabegron

43
Q

Alpha-1 selective agonist used as a nasal decongestant?

A

Phenylephrine

44
Q

Beta-1 selective agonist used to treat congestive heart failure?

A

Dobutamine

45
Q

The major clinical use of norepinephrine is in the treatment of…

A

Severe hypotension

46
Q

A patient presenting with severe anaphylactic shock would be treated with…

A

Epinephrine

47
Q

Tocolysis is the prevention of labour contractions. Select a short-acting tocolytic drug that can be given to prevent premature labour?

A

Terbutaline, salbutamol

48
Q

Beta-2 agonists used to treat asthma can also be used to treat pregnant patients presenting with…

A

Preterm labour

49
Q

In presynaptic nerve terminals, noradrenaline is primarily broken down by…

A

Monoamine oxidase A

50
Q

Noradrenergic synaptic signals are terminated by

A

Presynaptic uptake 1

51
Q

Moclobemide is an MAO-A inhibitor. Clinically, moclobemide used as a/an…

A

Antidepressant

52
Q

Moclobemide is a/an…

A

Reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor indirect sympathomimetic antidepressant

53
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants block…

A

Synaptic norepinephrine reuptake

54
Q

Brimonidine is a/an…

A

Alpha-2 agonist used to treat glaucoma

55
Q

In addition to reducing intraocular pressure, brimonidine is thought to help in
treatment in glaucoma because it…

A

Is neuroprotective

56
Q

Which group of drugs is used to treat delay in initiating urination due to
benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Alpha-1 antagonists

57
Q

Prazosin is used to treat

A

Chronic hypertension, urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

58
Q

Which group of drugs is used to treat delay in initiating urination due to
benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Alpha-1 antagonists

59
Q

An elderly patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia has difficulty in initiating
urination. He could be prescribed…

A

Tamsulosin, prazosin, any other alpha-1 antagonists

60
Q

Methyldopa results in the formation of methylnoradrenaline which is a…

A

False transmitter

61
Q

Methyldopa is a competitive inhibitor of…

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

62
Q

Alpha-2 agonists act at presynaptic autoreceptors to…

A

Decrease norepinephrine release

63
Q

A rare but severe adverse effect of methyldopa, which increases the cost of treatment with methyldopa as it often requires monitoring?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

PA2131 Pharmacology (14 decks)

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