Adrenergics - Non-Catecholamines Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology Block 1 > Adrenergics - Non-Catecholamines > Flashcards

Flashcards in Adrenergics - Non-Catecholamines Deck (24)
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1
Q

Are adrenergic non-catecholamines direct or indirect acting? Are they agonists or antagonists?

A

Direct

Agonists

2
Q

What is the route of administration for phenylepherine? What are two exceptions?

A

Can be given orally
IV - when treating shock (hypotention)
Nasal decongestant comes in a nasal spray

3
Q

What receptor does phenylepherine act on?

A

A1 only

4
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of phenylepherine?

A

Increase BP (systolic and diastolic), decrease blood flow, decreases heart rate b/c of reflex from increased BP

5
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of phenylepherine? (4) Which is the most significant and why?

A

Opthalmic - dilate pupil, decrease hemorrhage, conjunctivial decongestion
W/ local anesthetics to increase duration of action
Treatment of hypotention (in cases of shock) -> in this case would give IV
Nasal decongestant - most significant b/c OTC and is in an oral or nasal spray

6
Q

What receptor does clonidine act on?

A

A2 - selective to CNS

7
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of clonidine?

A
Decrease BP (prolonged)
Decrease peripheral resistance, HR, and CO
8
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of clonidine?

A

reduce sympathetic outflow (HTN)

9
Q

What is the route of administration of clonidine?

A

can be given orally

10
Q

What is the effect of clonidine when not in the CNS? and Why?

A

NOT AFFECTIVE!! It is a direct agonist of A2 receptors in the CNS and will not produce those effects outside of CNS. Works in post synaptic neurons in the CNS.

11
Q

What are the side effects of clonidine?

A

Sedation, dry mouth, edema, rebound HTN with sudden discontinuation

12
Q

What receptor does albuterol act on?

A

B2

13
Q

What is the duration of action of albuterol?

A

3-6 hours - short acting

14
Q

What is the major therapeutic effect and use of albuterol?

A

Bronchodilation in acute asthma attacks

15
Q

What is the route of administration of albuterol?

A

Inhalation mainly

Also available as oral tablets

16
Q

What are the side effects of albuterol?

A

Tachycardia, tremor, anxiety

17
Q

What greatly reduces the side effects of albuterol?

A

Administration by inhalation

18
Q

What are the significant substitutions to the chemical compound and why are they significant (2)?

A

CH2 b/f one of the OH groups -> not absorbed by catechol-methyltransferase so is relatively longer acting
Substitution on amine allows for selectivity of B2 over B1

19
Q

What receptor does Salmeterol act on?

A

B2

20
Q

What is the effect of salmeterol?

A

bronchodilation

21
Q

What are the major therapeutic uses of salmeterol?

A

COPD, nocturnal asthma, persistent asthma

22
Q

What is the duration of action of salmeterol? Why?

A

12h
Substitution on amine makes it very lipophilic -> means it hangs out in the lungs longer -> prevents metabolism
Not degraded by catechol-methylstransferase (b/c same substitution)

23
Q

Is Salmeterol useful for acute asthma attacks?

A

No b/c slow onset of action

24
Q

What is the mode of administration of salmeterol?

A

Inhalation